Mot-clefs
Projet routier, Route, Developpement durable, Programme Sectoriel
des Transports, Environnement, Etude dÕimpact sur
lÕenvironnement, Entreprise, B%otiment Travaux Publics, Burkina Faso
Abstract
Threats that weigh on the humanity's future drove man into
consideration that his actions catalyse his own destruction. Then, it is
necessary to find some other models of economic and social progress and respect
the parameters which guarantee the sustainability of life on the earth. So,
appear the concepts of sustainable development. This concept extols that any
action of development must associate social, economical and environmental
aspects during the project conception.
In many sectors and particularly in road construction, this
necessity of integrated management of investment projects meets a political
adherence and appears by integration of environment impact assessment. However,
the using of this tool with efficiency is not always warranted. In fact, many
of recommendations of these studies weren't accompanied by some adequate means
(organizational, legal, technical and financial) in the work area. So, the
question to know if the environmental impact assessment can be, in practice,
the appropriate tool to assure sustainable development (André et
al., 2003).
In the case of road projects conception, in order to show the
utility of the environmental impact assessment, first we proceed by documentary
analysis, completed by exchanges with the different actors, followed by some
visits and observations on the field. Secondary, a few of case studies have
been lead , to observe in practice, the interactions between project management
and its environment.
Indeed, we notice that to integrate the principle of
sustainable development, the environmental impact assessment can be a
remarkable tool. It is very efficient to help the control of the project, in
view to better integrate it in the environment. Also, if it applied at the
beginning of the project, this tool can improve the project and can help to
solve conflicts before realization. In fact, it imposes itself as a condition
for a sustainable development.
But, in the context of developing countries, this tool loses
its efficiency. Indeed, the analyses show that, the actors don't have the same
level of understanding of the tool and don't have the same sensitivity about
the stakes. The politician implies himself, but uses some inefficient means.
The contractors are less sensible and try to maximize their profit. The
population show a little interest, or underestimate the problem.
As solutions and in the particular case of road construction
in developing countries, the politician must use the adequate means to improve
projects management. It is also necessary to increase sensitization actions for
all the actors and adopt some coercive measures during the implementation of
projects (warning, financial penalties, cancellation of contracts), and must
assure a better monitoring by the nomination of an environmental coordinator in
each project.
To solve the financial issue, the government must create a viable
financing source for the management of environmental preoccupation in the roads
construction projects.
On the technical plan, it will be necessary to encourage the
research for adapted solutions and each promoter must prefer durable solutions,
which are using less no-renewable resources and presenting few negative impacts
on the environment. Also, the promoters must communicate more and must involve
all actors during the conception and the management of the project.
Concerning the other actors (contractors, private offices),
they must consider that their lasting depends on their environment and
therefore, they must put rigor during their works execution and must fulfil
their social and enviro nment al responsibilities.
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