Etude de l'effet de l'éthylène sur la croissance de champignons filamenteux et la production de leurs mycotoxines associées

IV. Conclusion - Perspectives

Ce projet étant exploratoire pour les 2 laboratoires de recherche, beaucoup de temps a été passé sur la mise au point des conditions et des paramètres expérimentaux. Tout cela avait pour but de mettre au point un système expérimental adéquat capable de tester l'hypothèse du « Rôle de l'éthylène sur la croissance de champignons filamenteux et sur la production des mycotoxines associées ». Une fois ce système mis au point, les tests faits sur chacun des champignons ont rapidement montré que le CO2 avait un impact critique sur l'action de notre gaz d'intérêt. En effet, il a été observé une augmentation de la production générale de mycotoxines lorsque l'éthylène est appliqué sans éliminer le CO2 naturellement produit par les espèces fongiques. Cependant, cette observation nous a permis de voir que les champignons étudiés réagissent à l'éthylène et donc que ces derniers possèdent certainement des récepteurs à l'éthylène, non-caractérisé à ce jour. Bien que

26

les premiers résultats ne semblent pas être en faveur de l'utilisation de l'éthylène comme agent de biocontrôle, les derniers résultats obtenus lorsque le CO2 est piégé par la chaux sodée semblent prometteur puisqu'une diminution importante de la production de mycotoxines d'un facteur 2 ou plus est observée.

Dans le but d'obtenir des résultats statistiquement valables, il est nécessaire de poursuivre la suite de ces expérimentations, de manière à prouver la répétabilité et la reproductibilité des premiers résultats recueillis. A partir des résultats obtenus, bien d'autres analyses pourront être faites pour appuyer ou réfuter l'hypothèse émise, comme par exemple une étude du transcriptome pour visualiser les gènes dont l'expression est modifiée par l'application d'éthylène qui mènera ensuite à l'identification des protéines impliquées dans la voie de signalisation de ce gaz chez les champignons filamenteux. Une autre stratégie serait d'acquérir des souches mutantes de ces mêmes gènes afin d'étudier leur phénotype macro- et microscopique lors d'une exposition à l'éthylène.

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