ABSTRACT
Anesthesia is a complex area of specialized medicine which
requires more skills. Pediatric patients awaiting surgery are subjected to a
fast few hours before the operation.
This restrictive situation is not entirely without risk for
the patient. Therefore, for the anesthetic management of a child, all aspects
of the surgical indication should be carefully explored during the
pre-anesthetic consultation.
As part of our study which focused on:
Compensation for preoperative fasting in pediatric
surgery: The case of the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and pediatric
Hospital, our goal was to describe nursing practice with respect to
compensation for fasting in children at the operating theater of the YGOPH.
To achieve this goal, we set the following operational
objectives:
- To identify the indications for surgery;
- To determine the duration of preoperative fasting in
children;
- To list the fluids used for the compensation of preoperative
fasting;
-To describe the steps used in compensating for pre-operative
fasting in
children;
- To propose a compensation algorithm for preoperative fasting in
pediatric
surgery.
The study was cross-sectional and descriptive. For our study,
we
recruited all children admitted to the operating theater of the
YGOPH
irrespective of surgical indication. We excluded pediatric
emergency surgery
and children whose parents' consent had not been obtained.
Our study spanned a period of 05 months from January to May 2012.
The
variables analyzed for this purpose were:
- The indication for surgery;
Travail de fin d'étude rédigé et
présenté par : NGANDJI ISSAH Page xv
Compensation Lu jeûne préopératoire en
chirurgie péLiatrique : cas Le l'HGOPY
- The duration of preoperative fasting;
- The means of compensation for preoperative fasting;
- The techniques used in compensating for preoperative
fasting.
Using probability sampling, we conducted our investigation after
which we
obtained the following results:
> 50% of patients were infants, with an average age of 53
months; > The most recurrent indication for surgery was hernia with 25%;
> 30% of patients had a preoperative fasting period of 9 hours;
> 35% of patients had received 5% and 10% glucose solutions to
compensate for preoperative fasting;
> 45% of patients were properly compensated. The average
quantity of fluid used was 324 ml.
Considering these results, it is important that significant steps
be taken to ensure more safety in compensating for preoperative fasting in
children. We made some suggestions which may be considered as the beginning of
a practical solution to this problem. These are:
To the nurse anesthetists of the YGOPH.
- The use of the compensation algorithm for
preoperative fasting in pediatric anesthesia;
- The systematic calculation of the duration of preoperative
fasting for all pediatric surgery;
-Compliance with the two-phase compensation for preoperative
fasting in pediatric surgery.
-The use of syringe pumps for the exact quantification of fluids
in compensating for preoperative fasting in all children.
Travail de fin d'étude rédigé et
présenté par : NGANDJI ISSAH Page xvi
Compensation Lu jeûne préopératoire en
chirurgie péLiatrique : cas Le l'HGOPY
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