3.3.3.
Infrastructural factor
It is the factor on which a local government agency can
influence, and by there, influence the human factor, by the control speeds
practiced in particular. The user makes a reading of the borrowed way and it
adapts its behavior, sometimes in a perfectible way, with the crossed
environment. Also one does not arrange a street like a highway, because one
does not circulate there in the same way.
The report of the national mission details very well, for a
community which arranges the ways, the risks of fight against the accidents in
these installations. We have then illustrated this very important point for
examples of problems raised in Yaoundé without denying all the completed
work for several years and which gives partly satisfaction.
The design of the roads is subjected to standards varying
according to the countries. In Cameroun, the standards used are the French
standards. When these standards are scrupulously respected and sufficiently
explicit, road installations for the users (markings, indication, automatic
measurements of deceleration, etc.), they can have a positive incidence on the
behaviors. However failures in the technical design can have negative
incidences on the behavior of the users, because rather causing additional
difficulties in circulation (absence of markings, bad or misses indication of
the obstacles, etc.) These failures increase the accident risks of circulation
and thus expose more the road users.
Design of the roads in Cameroun present in several cases the
defects which contribute to the accident risk. These defects very often
result:
· Bad design of the crossroads,
· Not taken into account of the agreement between the
alignment and the profile longitudinally of the road,
· Not taken into account of the heterogeneity of the
traffic, variable speeds, and attractivity of the road,
· Of a design allowing a great disparity with regard to
practiced speeds and the types of vehicles.
There exist many accidentogenes places isolated or gathered
along the roads. These places often remain without treatment leading thus to
other traffic accidents in these same places. With regard to the safety
equipment, certain aspects of the design must be followed with a certain
attention:
· The material constituting the safety equipment: The
originators were sometimes led to the choice of the rigid material equipment
such as the concrete (control panels out of concrete, concrete slides, etc.) in
order to reduce the maintenance costs of the aforesaid equipment. However, this
choice was made with the detriment of safety users, because by privileging the
longevity of a control panel by the choice of the concrete like constitutive
material, one exposes the vehicles which, in the event of shock with the panel,
find themselves seriously damaged (the panel which cannot absorb the shock),
and consequently the passengers seriously wounded. That goes in the opposition
even to the goal of the safety device which is rather judicious to protect them
from the accidents.
· Specifications concerning the safety equipment to be
set up: II is not rare that on the works of art built in urban environment, one
finds for example parapets having horizontal elements of cross-piece. These
elements thus laid out create a scale effect making it possible to the
pedestrians (especially with the children) to span the parapets, and this with
the danger of their life.
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