Willingness to pay of the notability for local leadership empowerment in the ngweshe chiefdom

II.2.2. Empowerment through communal participation

Involvement of the community through formal or informal channels like voicing demand, making choice or being involved in project done either by an individual or a community is another form to enhance sustainable local leadership (Fiszbein, 1997). According to Sopchokchai (1996), one approach in creating sustainable rural development is through giving to the community an opportunity to plan and think their own future. As residents get to stand as contributors and monitors, notable progress can raise and the level of leaders' accountability can also thrive with such participation. But the extent to which community participation is transformed and results into capacity enhancement depends on inclination and to a certain extent boldness of local administration (Fiszbein, 1997). The experience of Colombian reforms in the fading nineteenth focused on facilitating the participation of citizens through an opening of their nearby administration. Without any shadow of doubt, the approach to public policy has succeeded in Villedupar. What is a good and practical example of collaboration of local leadership and the community, and extensively of notability. As realized in Villadupar, advances Fiszbein (1997), community participation became the tenor and base of villadupar's development while in municipal offices leaders motive them through a remarkable sentence «we govern with your participation». As it is noticed in the work of Ozor and Nwankwo (2008), the true success of a comprehensive economic and social development programs in the context of Nigeria is primarily dependent to the extent it improves the well-being of rural human beings. Additionally, there is no sustainable community development under force and order. But rather than being petrifying the community, it is like to be achieved when all actors are ready participating and share constructive ideas, visions, responsibilities equally and democratically in implementing communal or village development schemes (Ajayi and Otuya, 2006).

II.2.2.1 The place of WTP in decision and achievement

It is notwithstanding conventional to use compensation and equivalent variations when capturing the effect of price changes on welfare. Both measures respectively correspond to the maximum amount an individual would be willing to pay (WTP) and the minimum amount somebody would be willing to accept (WTA) to forgo it (Hanneman, 1989).

Principally arisen to measure the value of public goods and services, the concept WTP remains currently used in contingent valuation concerns. That is, attribution of non-market goods or resources.^6(*) Three streams have stuck on the contingent valuation method. The first, which is dominant in the literature, uses contingent valuation in experiments in the field of environment. Respondents were asked to express the maximum amount they would like to give. The second took another form of bidding games whereas the third principally mattered of statistical model of data process (Alberini and Kahn, 2006; Labii, 2015). The guidance is indeed the utility provided by the good to be acquired by means after disbursement. The following subsection shows the principals on which is set this relationship between utility and WTP.

* ⁶https://www.carnetsdubusiness.com/Les-nouveaux-mecanismes-du-consentement-a-payer_a618.html