ABSTRACT
Ownership is seen as the right to enjoy and dispose of
something. These two components of ownership can survive separately. The right
of disposal is the main element of ownership, whereas the right of enjoyment
may be independent, although it is not one of its accessory. Property is used
as collateral for credit repayment. The question is whether the enjoyment of
land, in particular, can also be used as collateral for repayment of loans.
When it constitutes a real right that can be alienated and seized, the
enjoyment of the land can be used as security for repayment. Long leases,
building leases, building rights and unnamed real rights are dismemberments of
the right of ownership that can form the basis of a mortgage. Various real
rights of enjoyment over state-owned land, such as leases in the national
domain or the private domain of the State, provisional concessions,
authorizations or concessions to occupy or exploit a declassified artificial
public domain and even the rights of occupants and exploiters of the national
domain prior to 5th August 1974, may also constitute bases of this guarantee.
The mortgage of a real right of enjoyment of land is indistinctly identified
with the mortgage of the immovable. However, the former has its own
characteristics, both in terms of the nature of its basis, which is distinct
from the immovable and the right of ownership over the immovable, and in terms
of the claim that it secures. The indistinct identification of the mortgage of
a real right of enjoyment of land with the mortgage of the immovable leads to a
situation where all, if not most, of the procedures for the creation and
effects of the latter are applied to it. However, the recourse to the rules
governing mortgages on immovable properties does obscure special features of
rights in rem in respect of the enjoyment of land and also the originality of
using them as basis of a security interest. Indeed, positive law tries to lift
the said veil without really focusing on it. A few scattered specific rules
inspired by the characteristics of real rights of enjoyment of land are
provided for. However, it would be advisable to conceptualize the rights of
enjoyment of land and to organize a specific regime for mortgaging them. This
should lead the vast majority of people to make use of them, as land is
becoming scarce and owners are less inclined to alienate it.
Keywords: Real rights of use of land, mortgage
of use of land, mortgage of the immovable.
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LISTE DES ABBREVIATIONS
Al. Alinéa
Arch. Phil. Droit Archives de Philosophie du Droit
Art. Article
AUDCG Acte Uniforme OHADA portant Droit Commercial
Général
AUPSRVE Acte Uniforme OHADA portant organisation des
Procédures
Simplifiées de Recouvrement et des Voies
d'Exécution
AUS Acte Uniforme OHADA portant organisation des
Sûretés
Bibl. Bibliothèque
Bull. Civ Bulletin Civil
Cass. Civ. Chambre Civile de la Cour de Cassation
Française
CCJA Cour Commune de Justice et d'Arbitrage
Cf. Confère
Coll. Collection
Cons Const. Conseil Constitutionnel
CS Cour Suprême du Cameroun
D. Dalloz
Dir. Sous la Direction de
Ed. Editions
JCP N Semaine Juridique Edition Notariale
JO Journal Officiel
LGDJ Librairie Générale de Droit et de
Jurisprudence
LPA Les Petites Affiches
Mél. Mélanges en l'honneur de
n° Numéro
Obs. Observations
OHADA Organisation pour l'Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit
des Affaires
Ohadata Banque de données de l'OHADA
p. Page
préf. Préface
PUA Presses Universitaires d'Afrique
PUAM Presses Universitaires d'Aix-Marseille
PUF Presses Universitaire de France
VII
Jouissance des terres et garantie
REDI Revue Européenne et de Droit
International
Rev. Loyers Revue des Loyers
RJ Com Revue de Jurisprudence Commerciale
RTD Civ. Revue Trimestrielle de Droit Civil
S. Sirey
s. Suivants
t. Tome
th. Thèse
v. Voir
Vol. Volume
VIII
Jouissance des terres et garantie
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