ABSRAT
Herbal remedies are an important source of effective
recipes in the treatment of various ailments. Almost 80% of the African
population uses traditional medicine for their primary health care. Traditional
medicine offers a therapeutic arsenal to diseases via several natural
substances including plants which for the most part are not sufficiently
studied and having vernacular names subject to confusion and causes of
intoxication. The phytochemical study of these medicinal plants can therefore
contribute to the scientific knowledge of the traditional use of the latter.
The objective of this study is to carry out a differential study of the
vernacular names of Piliostigma reticulata and Piliostigma thonningii used in
traditional medicine in Haut-Katanga
An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Lubumbashi
within a radius of 30 km2 of the surroundings with 120 traditional healers from
10 different tribes on the practice of traditional medicine and the knowledge
of the meaning of vernacular names. This was followed by a harvest and
identification in the laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and a
phytochemical screening.
Male traditional healers accounted for 67.5% while female
32.5%. Only the traditional healers Bemba and Lamba were able to give the
meaning of the vernacular names of the plants under study. As for the
phytochemical screening, on all the positive tests obtained after the analyzes
on the various organs studied, the tannins and the flavonoids are the compounds
found in all the parts of the plants analyzed, i.e. (100%) of positive tests,
the anthocyanins are found at 83.3%, followed by steroids and saponins at 50%,
coumarins 33.3%, alkaloids and terpenoid 16.7%. Quinones and cyanogenic
heterosides were absent (0%) in all organs for all plants studied. As for plant
species, Bauhinia reticulata gives 9 positive tests out of the 11 sought, i.e.
81.8% and 7 positive tests for Piliostigma thonningii, i.e. 63.6 %.
These results show that these plants are rich in secondary
metabolites and are different from each other. Thus a confusion between the two
would not be without consequence.
Key words: medicinal plant
confusion, Piliostigma thonningii, Bauhinia reticulata, phytochemistry.
V
LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS
: Absence
: Présence
Alc : Alcaloïdes
Anth : Anthocyanes
ER : Ecorses de racines
ET : Ecorses de tiges
F : Feuilles
Flav : Flavonoïdes
HCN : Hétérosides cyanogènes
PL : Plante
PU : Partie utilisée
Quin : Quinones
RDC : République Démocratique du Congo
Rés + : Résultats positifs
Sap : Saponines
Ster : Stéroïdes
Tanc : Tanins catéchiques
Tang : Tanins galliques
Terp : Terpénoïde
VI
TABLE DES MATIERES
IN MEMORIAM I
AVANT-PROPOS II
RESUME II
ABSRAT IV
LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS V
TABLE DES MATIERES VI
LISTE DES FIGURES ET TABLEAUX VII
INTRODUCTION 1
I. GENERALITES SUR LES PLANTES MEDICINALES 2
I.1. DEFINITION 2
I.2 METHODES D'IDENTIFICATION DES PLANTES MEDICINALES 2
I.3. CONNAISSANCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES DES PLANTES SOUS ETUDE 7
I.4. INTOXICATION DUE AUX CONFUSION DE NOMS VERNACULAIRES 11
II. DESCRIPTION DU CADRE DE RECHERCHE 12
II.2. PROTOCOLE EXPERIMENTAL 12
III. PRESENTATION DES RESULTATS ET DISCUSSION 19
III. 1. PRESENTATION DES RESULTATS 19
CONCLUSION 27
REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES 28
VII
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