ABSTRACT
Natural Regions of the Upper-Casamance and Eastern-Senegal
(respectively situated south and east of Senegal) benefit from soil and
climatic and hydro-agricultural conditions and a long tradition of rice growing
areas. However, rice production is subject to many constraints. Thus, this
study finds its context in the National Program of Self-Sufficiency in Rice,
initiated by the Government of Senegal. It aims to support the many initiatives
including those of the Project for Local Small Irrigation Support (PAPIL), by
updating the baseline for this crop. To do this, an agricultural diagnosis of
rice cultivation in the areas of intervention PAPIL was conducted in 33
villages during the rainy season 2009. It consisted of observations of 34
agricultural plots and farmers' surveys of 134 rice farmers. The results show
that the plots are planted in small areas (only 4.3% of them are more than one
hectare) and are in their overwhelming majority, located in the lowlands
(91.3%). Soil fertility in rice fields is relatively good for 62.5%, with a
dominant clay texture (70.3%). The work of preparing rice paddies are manual
(70%), with traditional tools. Organic manure is practiced by 16% of farmers by
manure. Moreover, the intermediate seeds (approximately 110 days) were used
most (84%). Plantings are late with a very high density; transplanting nursery
after being made only up by 8.1%. The following parcels are moderately grass
(38.1%), with strong grass (43.4%). Weeding is especially manual (83.9%).
Although 60.1% of producers stated practice mineral fertilization, the fact
remains that the rates, terms and dates of application are not respected. On
the other hand, followed all the plots were attacked by insects and the impact
thereof is medium to high (40.1% and 45.2% respectively). Defoliators /
shredders (63.2%), the piercing-sucking (31.8%) and drillers (4.9%) were
inventoried when 89.4% of producers do no action against their attacks. In
addition to the lack of training, producers justify this situation by
unavailability and high cost of pesticides and materials processing. In this
same vein, only 3.7% of producers say make the phytosanitary treatment for an
average disease incidence (56%). Other pests are made by pets (73.6%), birds
(19.3%), rodents (4.4%) and monkeys and warthogs (2.5%). The average yield of
paddy rice in the study area is 1.5 #177; 0.6 t/ha, while it is 4 to 5 t/ha at
the national level. The minimum was recorded in the rural community of
Koumpentoum (0.9 #177; 0.4 t/ha) and maximum in Bandaf assi (2.3 #177; 0.6
t/ha). In Upper -Casama nce and Eastern-Senegal , improving rice productivity
through strengthening the technical support for producers and better practice
of integrated management of upland rice (use of adapted varieties and efficient
compliance the technical route and cultural schedule), among others.
Key words: Upland rice, agronomic
diagnosis, peasant practices, PAPIL, Senegal
These's reference: LÔ, E. M.
(2010). Diagnostic agronomique de la culture du riz en HauteCasamance et au
Sénégal Oriental. Mémoire d'Ingénieur agronome de
conception. Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agriculture de Thiès
(Sénégal), 42 pages + annexes.
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