ABSTRACT
This research paper focuses on the United Nations response to
Haiti through the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH),
which deployed there from 2004 to 2017. This research work aims globally to
identify and understand the legal origins and foundations of this intervention.
It therefore seeks to show how this mission is compatible or not with the
sovereignty of the Haitian state, the supreme legal characteristic of the
state, guaranteed by the current Haitian Constitution and international legal
standards. Finally, it wants to formulate theoretical proposals modelled on the
rule of law and materialized through the strengthening of state powers and the
existence of certain supervisory bodies, as a legal contribution to the
reduction of UN interventions in Haiti.
Indeed, the sovereign equality of states and the principle of
non-intervention are two founding principles of the law of international
relations. International legal norms enshrine these principles in a capital
letter through the Charter of the United Nations: there is no provision in this
Charter that authorizes the United Nations to intervene in matters that fall
essentially within the national jurisdiction of a state. Moreover, the current
Haitian Constitution takes up this same principle by affirming the integrity
and inviolability of the Haitian territory, when it argues that: no other
military force can exist on Haitian territory except the HNP and the Armed
Forces of Haiti. However, against all odds, in 2004, the United Nations
Security Council authorized the deployment of a Civil and Military Mission
(MINUSTH) to Haiti to intervene in matters of justice, defense, rule of law and
security, which are the exclusive areas of state competence. This quickly
creates a legal problem that leads us to wonder how to explain the origins and
legal foundations of the United Nations intervention in Haiti between 2004 and
2017. The hypothetical answer we give to this question is that it is related to
the failure of the three powers of the state, Co-custodians of national
sovereignty.
In addition to being confirmed, at the end of the search
several other explanations were obtained. One of them is that the UN
intervention is part of the fragility of the international legal order
characterized by often contradictory norms and principles: non-intervention,
the duty to interfere, sovereignty, humanitarian action. However, despite the
relevance of our results, they must be appreciated with restraint because this
work, like any other research for that matter, is not perfect.
ix
LISTE DES ABRÉVIATIONS
APA : American Psychological Association
AUF : Agence Universitaire de la
Francophonie
BIRD : Banque Internationale pour la
Reconstruction et le Développement
CERMICOL : Centre de
Rééducation des Mineurs en Conflit avec la Loi
CIDH : Commission Interaméricaine des
Droits de l'Homme
CNHCU : Commission Nationale Haïtienne
de Coopération avec l'Unesco
CPJI : Cour Permanente de Justice
Internationale
DAP : Direction de l'Administration
Pénitentiaire
DDR : Démobilisation,
Désarmement, Réinsertion
FDSEG/CH : Faculté de Droit, des
Sciences Économiques et de Gestion du Cap-Haïtien
FMI : Fonds Monétaire International
MANUH : Mission d'Appui des Nations Unies en
Haïti
MICIVIH : Mission Civile Internationale en
Haïti
MINUHA : Mission des Nations Unies en
Haïti
MINUJUSTH : Mission des Nations Unies pour
l'appui à la Justice en Haïti
MINUSTAH : Mission des Nations Unies pour la
Stabilisation en Haïti
MIPONUH : Mission de Police civile des
Nations Unies en Haïti
MITNUH : Mission de Transition des Nations
Unies en Haïti
ODD : Objectif de Développement
Durable
OEA : Organisations des États
Américains
OMC : Organisation Mondiale du Commerce
ONU : Organisation des Nations Unies
OPC : Office de Protection du Citoyen
PIB : Produit Intérieur Brut
PNH : Police Nationale d'Haïti
PNUD : Programme des Nations Unies pour le
Développement
RNDDH : Réseau National de
Défense des Droits humains
SDN : Société des Nations
UNESCO : Organisation des Nations Unies pour
l'Éducation, la Science et la Culture
URSS : Union des Républiques
Soviétiques et Socialistes
1
| 
