CONCLUSION
Au cours de ce master, nous nous sommes
intéressés à la variabilité génétique
de la résistance de l'abricotier à Pseudomonas syringae
sur feuilles et sur rameaux. Deux pseudo-F1 et un panel de ressources
génétiques (76 accessions) ont été
étudiés suite à des inoculations tissulaires. Le
phénotypage a révélé une forte variabilité
des symptômes en lien avec des facteurs génétiques
d'origine polygénique. La caractérisation génétique
des individus à l'aide des marqueurs SSR pour les populations
biparentales et par l'analyse d'association (GWAS) a permis de localiser des
zones du génome en lien avec les composantes de résistance
observées, et de démontrer que les déterminants
génétiques de la sensibilité des limbes et des rameaux
étaient distincts. L'analyse d'association nous a permis d'identifier
222 SNPs candidats dans ou à proximité de gènes candidats.
Une forte variabilité interannuelle était attendue et a
été observée pour le phénotypage, d'autant que les
conditions climatiques ont été contrastées entre les
années d'études. Cette variabilité s'est retrouvée
aussi dans l'identification des régions du génome
impliquées. D'ores et déjà des régions candidates
ont été ciblées mais elles devront être
validées et consolidées notamment dans le cas de la
sensibilité au chancre sur rameaux (population biparentale BerBa), avant
d'envisager leur exploitation dans une démarche de sélection
assistée par marqueurs.
Pour aller plus avant, il va être indispensable d'une
part de densifier le marquage moléculaire dans le cas des descendances
bi-parentales et plus particulièrement dans le cas de la BerBa et,
d'autre part, de consolider les résultats en travaillant l'interaction
avec la variabilité de l'agent pathogène afin de s'assurer en
l'amont de la robustesse des constructions génétiques mises en
oeuvre.
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