3. To lead to vs. Entrainer
a)To lead to (langue générale)
Le verbe << to lead to >> a été
examiné par Xiao Z & McEnery A. (2006)31, qui ont
souligné que << lead to >> est souvent en compagnie de mots
à connotation négative, tels que : accident, loss, problems,
disease. Les collocations significatives de ce verbe dans le BNC se
trouvent ci-dessous :
Figure 9: collocations significatives de « to lead
to » dans le BNC:
|
Rank
|
|
|
|
|
TOT
|
ALL
|
%
|
|
|
3
|
|
LOSS
|
|
134
|
11475
|
1.17
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
CONFUSION
|
86
|
2806
|
3.06
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
COLLAPSE
|
55
|
2526
|
2.18
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
DIFFICULTIES
|
53
|
6768
|
0.78
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
DEATHS
|
|
49
|
2417
|
2.03
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
ARREST
|
|
47
|
2139
|
2.20
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
CONFLICT
|
45
|
5861
|
0.77
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
DESTRUCTION
|
41
|
2315
|
1.77
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
SEVERE
|
|
36
|
4559
|
0.79
|
|
|
|
33
|
|
BREAKDOWN
|
34
|
1447
|
2.35
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
CHAOS
|
|
25
|
1589
|
1.57
|
|
|
|
52
|
|
FRUSTRATION
|
24
|
1329
|
1.81
|
|
|
31 Voir page 31
Comme nous pouvons le constater à travers ce tableau,
le verbe « to lead to » est souvent en compagnie de mots à
connotations négatives, tels que : loss, confusion, difficulties,
collapse, deaths, arrest, conflict, destruction, severe, breakdown, chaos,
frustration, etc.
Nous avons ensuite vérifié ces résultats,
en observant dans le BNC, toutes les occurrences de ce verbe, et de ses
différentes formes de conjugaison (lead to, leading to, leads to, led
to), en prenant soin d?éliminer toutes celles qui utilisent « lead
to » dans un autre sens que « culminate or result in (a
particular event or consequence) »32. Nous avons obtenu
15246 occurrences, dans lesquelles ce verbe est très souvent en
compagnie de mots à connotation négative comme le montrent ces
exemples :
Négatives :
Hip fractures are potentially life threatening (they result in
40 premature deaths a day), while crushed spinal vertebrae may lead to
back pain, loss of height and mobility, and eventually curvature of
the spine
This is a legal minefield, and infringement of the
regulations can lead to severe penalties, both civil
and criminal
It was noted how they were unstable and poorly defined
from the outset, leading to economic and social
tensions at the lower levels.
Thus a vicious circle of political impotence was
set in motion by Mosley; in order to obtain much-needed publicity for the
programme and political ideas of the BUF, which it was now denied in the
national press, the techniques and methods of low politics, leading to
street conflict with political enemies, were
encouraged.
Three hundred and thirty thousand Germans have been
senselessly and irresponsibly led to death and
destruction through the cunning strategy of a corporal from World War
1.
In Final Analysis, Richard Gere plays Isaac Barr, a San
Francisco psychiatrist whose affair with a mobster's wife (Kim Basinger)
leads to obsession, betrayal and murder.
32 Oxford dictionary
Looking back on years that the Yorks were together, it is easy to
pick out the really bad moments that led to the
complete breakdown of their marriage
After his exit from Monday's semi-finals, Black revealed that
he had been struggling for five years with a " bio-mechanical "
problem which affects his body balance and leads to other
injuries
However, we feel that such measures as those being mooted would
only lead to further problems.
Le verbe «to lead to» a vraisemblablement une
prosodie sémantique négative puisque, comme le prouvent les
exemples cités ci-dessus, ce verbe est très souvent en compagnie
de mots à connotation négative, tels que : further problems,
injuries, breakdown, obsession, death and destruction, street conflict,
economic and social tensions, severe penalties, etc. Toutefois, nous avons
constaté également la présence de quelques contextes
positifs, comme le confirment ces exemples :
Positives:
The solution, again, is to retrain teachers, to enable them to
understand, interpret and incorporate cultural differences which do exist into
their teaching and to reflect these back to pupils in a way which leads
to high achievement and satisfaction within schooling
Mariette Larkin hoped her US film debut would lead
to universal fame and fortune.
Properly taken, it can gain the edge over competitors;
open up a new market; lead to improved profit performance.
Ceci montre que le verbe « to lead to " est moins
négatif que son quasi-synonyme « to cause " que nous allons voir
dans la dernière section.
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