I. Flore mellifère des zones de Garango et de
Nazinga
1.1. Composition de la flore mellifère
Les observations directes de butinage d'Apis mellifera
adansonii Lat. autour des différents ruchers ont permis de recenser
les espèces mellifères dans les deu x zones et d'identifier les
nutriments prélevés par les abeilles. Les résultats sont
consignés dans les tableaux III et IV.
1.1.1. Zone de Garango
a) Quatre vingt seize (96) espèces mellifères
réparties en 72 genres et 36 familles ont été
recensées (Tab. III). Les Légumineuses avec 21 espèces,
soit 21,86%, sont les plus visitées, suivies par les
Combretaceae et les Rubiaceae avec chacune 8 espèces ,
soit 8,33%, les Malvaceae 6 espèces (6,25%) et les
Anacardiaceae 5 espèces (5,21%).
b) Suivant les nutriments prélevés par les
abeilles, les espèces nectarifères au nombre de 59 (61,46%) sont
les plus visit ; les pollinifères représentent 14,58%
ées
et les mixtes 23,96%. Les espèces nectarifères
sont les plus abondantes et appartiennent pour l'essentiel à la famille
des Mimosaceae (15,25%), des Combretaceae (13,56%) et des
Anacardiaceae (8,47%).
c) La répartition des espèces recensées
suivant le type biologique indique 52,08% d'espèces ligneuses et 47,92%
d'herbacées.
d) Dans la zone de Garango, les espèces
intensément butinées, avec 48,96%, dominent la flore
mellifère (Tab. III). Les espèces moyennement et faiblement
butinées représentent respectivement 20,83% et 30,20% de la flore
mellifère.
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Celastraceae
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Maytenus senegalensis
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Ar
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+
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N
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Cochlospermaceae
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Cochlospermum planchoni
|
h
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+++
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N
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Cochlospermum tinctorium h +++ N
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Malvaceae
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Abelmoschus esculentus
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H
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+++
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N
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Hibiscus cannabinus
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H
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++
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N
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Hibiscus sabdariffa
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H
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++
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N
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Sida acuta
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H
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++
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NP
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Sida a lba
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H
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++
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NP
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Wissadula amplissima
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H
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++
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NP
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Meliaceae
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Khaya senegalensis
|
A
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+
|
N
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Mimosaceae
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Acacia pennata
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L l
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+ ++
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N
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Acacia polyacantha subsp.
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A r
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+ ++
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N
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Acacia sieberiana
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A
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+ ++
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N
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Acacia seyal
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A
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++ +
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N
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Dichrostachys cinerea
|
Ar
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++
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N
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Faidherbia albida
|
A
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+++
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N
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Parkia biglobosa
|
A
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++ +
|
NP
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Eucalyptus camaldulensis
|
A
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+ ++
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N
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Psidium guajava
|
Ar
|
++ +
|
N
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Boerhavia diffusa
|
H
|
++ +
|
P
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Boerhavia erecta
|
H
|
+ ++
|
P
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Ximenia americana
|
Ar
|
+
|
N
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Ludwigia senegalensis
|
H
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+
|
NP
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Andropogon gayanus
|
H
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+ ++
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P Js
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Pennisetum glaucum
|
H
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+++
|
P
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Sorghum bicolor
|
H
|
+ ++
|
P
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Zea mays
|
H
|
+++
|
P
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Ziziphus mauritiana
|
Ar
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+
|
N
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Ziziphus mucronata
|
Ar
|
+
|
N
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Borreria filifolia
|
H
|
+++
|
N
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Borreria scabra
|
H
|
+
|
N
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Borreria stachydea
|
H
|
+
|
N
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Feretia apodanthera
|
Ar
|
+++
|
NP
|
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Gardenia erubescens
|
Ar
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+
|
N
|
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|
Gardenia ternifolia
|
Ar
|
+
|
N
|
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|
Mitracarpus scaber
|
H
|
+
|
N
|
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|
Mitragyna inermis
|
A
|
++
|
NP
|
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Sapotaceae
|
|
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Vitellaria paradoxa
|
A
|
+ ++
|
N PJ
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Familles et espèces
|
T.B
|
I.B.
|
Nut.
|
J
|
F
|
M
|
A
|
M
|
J
|
J
|
A
|
S
|
O
|
N
|
D
|
Sterculiaceae
|
|
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|
Waltheria indica
|
H
|
+
|
N
|
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Tiliaceae
|
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|
Grewia bicolor
|
Ar
|
+
|
N
|
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|
Triumfetta lepidota
|
H
|
+
|
P
|
|
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Verbenaceae
|
|
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|
Gmelina arborea
|
A
|
++
|
N
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
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|
Vitex doniana
|
A
|
+++
|
NP
|
|
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|
A : Arbre ; Ar : Arbuste ;
H : Herbe : Liane ligneuse ; h : hémicryptophyte
; Ll
T.B. : Type Biolog ique ; I.B.
: Intensité de Butinage ; : N t e t
N t. u rim n
u
N: Nectar, P: Pollen
;Js : Jus sucré
NB : les espèces Acacia
seyal, Ma ife
ng ra in dica, omba c t um et
B x os at Khaya
senegale nsis fleurissent de dé em re à
janv r.
c b ie
|