Abstract
Morocco is home to a rich flora consisting of nearly 4200
species and of diverse vegetation, with very marked endemism. Species of
aromatic and/or medicinal interestare estimated at about 600, many of which are
endemic including Thymus satureioides.
Statements relating to bee colonies visiting the region of
Taroudant (Morocco) on Thymus satureioides plant formations and
acquiring some immunity against Varroa were confirmed by a survey conducted
among beekeepers and cooperatives in the said region. From this, our work is
devoted to the first chemical characterization of essential oils (EO) of this
species of thyme collected from different altitudinal provenances in the said
region. Subsequently, we evaluated the bioacaricidic effect of essential oils
at various chemical compositions against Varroa destructor in the
Gharb region : a highly beekeeping region familiar with the parasite
infestations. The treatment trials were conducted using strips of absorbent
paper soaked in EO (5 ml) and placed between the hive frames.
The chemical characterization of different origins of T.
satureioides helped highlight four chemotypes of thyme in the province of
Taroudant as follows: borneol chemotype (94%) of Timoulay origin at 850 m above
sea level, borneol (26.75%) and carvacrol (21.38%) of East Amskrod at 1050 m ,
borneol (23.39%) and thymol (16.17%) chemotypes of Aoulouz 1020 m, and borneol
(27.49% to 31.07%) and á-terpineol (12.57 to 14.97%) chemotypes ofAnkrim
(320 m), Amskrod (1050 m) and Oulad Berhil (1240 m) origins.
The essential oils applications showed a more effective
acaricidic effects compared to an approved acaricide (Bayvarol), with varying
efficiencies depending on the chemical composition of EO: Bayvarol (83.3%),
borneol chemotype (71.4%), borneol & thymolchemotype (90.9%), borneol &
carvacrol chemotype (92.6%). Further studies will enable the establishment of
an ecologically, economically efficient bioacaricide to combat varroa.
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