CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION,
RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
5.1. INTRODUCTION
This chapter includes summary of the major findings,
conclusion, recommendations and suggestion for further research. Findings have
shown that the majority of respondents are in the range of the age between
«30-42» with the total of 11 respondents which represent 35.5% of the
whole respondents. The majority of the respondents are of male gender and are
18 beneficiaries who represent 60% of the whole respondents while the majority
respondents are married and these represent 50.5% of the whole number of
respondents. The big number of respondents knows to read and to write and
represent 93% of the whole respondents and the majority hold at least secondary
certificates while they are majority cells and sector level. The government was
suggested as the provider of the best solutions to the problems MHI.
5.2. SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR FINDINGS.
Findings have shown that 35.5% of respondents are in age range
of 30-42 and they are the majority. 21% lie in range of 42-54, while 19.5% lie
in the range of 18-30 and 17% of respondents are in range of 54-66, only 7% of
respondents are in the range of 66 and above. The findings shown that the
majority of respondents are males while the female gender were minority; 60%
were males and 40% were females. Also findings have shown that 50.5% of
respondents are married and they are the majority. 42.5% were single while only
7% of respondents are widows and widowers.
From the findings, the majority of respondents have Secondary
level education and are represented by 40.5%, Primary level is 32%, and O'Level
is 14.5%, Bachelor's degree is 9.5% of the respondents while the illiterates'
beneficiaries are 3.5% of the respondents. The major's source of information on
MHI are local authorities and are 64% of the respondents, Neighbors are source
of information of 21% of respondents while 14% of respondents their source of
information are Radios. The major motivator of beneficiaries to join MHI is the
government authorities and this is represented 71%of the whole respondents.
Findings have also shown that 72% of respondents each family has at least 3 and
above children, while 14% of respondents have at least one child and only 14%
have no child that's because they are single. Findings have shown that all
respondents contribute 3000Rwf in mutual health insurance.
With the observation that I made, among the beneficiaries
there is a vulnerable group poor whose contribution is 2000Rwf and since are
poor, the government contributes for them. Some beneficiaries such as Teachers,
Nurses, Soldiers, Policemen and Authorities are in others health insurances
such as RAMA and MMI. Findings have shown that the majority of respondents'
perception on the value of amount contributed in mutual health insurance is
medium and this represented 64% of the total respondents, while 29% of
respondents were argued that MHI premium are high, then only 7% of respondents
were satisfied that these premium are low.
Only 43%of the whole respondents are happy with the health
services offered by MHI, while 57% of the respondents which are the majority
are not happy with the services offered by MHI, this is because of low package
of health services provided by this insurance. 86% of respondents argued that
their collaboration with mutual health insurance is at least good, while 14%
are claiming that their collaboration with health services provider through
this policy of CBHI was poor. Nevertheless, there some are specific problems
that beneficiaries of mutual health insurance face.
These problems are; Non-covering of health service costs due
to low level of risk sharing between sick beneficiaries and health
beneficiaries, Poor quality of health services, Benevolent nature of membership
of mutual health insurance, Inadequate management capacities of some mutual
health insurance contributions by mutual health committees, Over-utilization of
the services by beneficiaries who solicit healthcare services, Premiums are
fixed, not according to the real costs of healthcare, but the contributing
capacity of the beneficiaries, Some among beneficiaries suffer the wrong stage
or class and do not contribute accordingly.
From the study some solutions to problems that beneficiaries
of mutual health insurance face have been proposed for them to get better
health services. For instance: The investment in new ventures of a share of
mutual health's contribution for purposes of making profits for supporting
beneficiaries' contributions in future time, more health centres have to be
built in order to avoid overpopulation in one health centre and long distance
walked by the beneficiaries of mutual health insurance. Some beneficiaries'
mindset about mutual health insurance should be changed for the beneficiaries
profiting from effective risks sharing among those who are suck and those who
are healthy.
Beneficiaries' contribution capacity should be raised through
community works given to those who cannot easily get the contribution per year,
the management of these mutual health contributions should be efficacy and
timely controlled to avoid its losses as well as the misuses, the role of
partners in support for mutual health is to be pointed in creating initiatives
on coverage of vulnerable groups, for them to get mutual health insurance. The
study shown that there is a contribution of mutual health insurance towards
economic development as shown in the following points:
Mutual health insurance contributes in finding ways to keep
healthcare costs down by negotiating reduced tariffs and fixed fees per day of
hospitalization, it contributes to the health sector's allocation efficiency,
MHI contributes to the extension of social protection to the rural and informal
sectors, it helps to poorest of the poor, do not have gainful occupations and
cannot work and afford the financial contributions through government
intervention, it provides the opportunities for all members to access
healthcare which results in reduced mortality rates which hinders the economic
development. It provides equitable and equal access to quality healthcare for
children and women who mostly suffer from different illnesses and this promotes
the economic status of households.
In Ruganda sector, there are some indicators of economic
development which result from mutual health insurance policy
implementation. These indicators are: Reduced illnesses and
mortality rate among the beneficiaries, above 70 percent of the beneficiaries
have opened the accounts in BPR and umurenge SACCO as financial institutions
and do save, the outlook and behaviour of the beneficiaries are also improved,
infrastructure development, such as centres, schools, water sanitation and
cooperatives, income is increased because of increased economic activities.
About 69% of the whole respondents argued that the beneficiaries willingly pay
their premiums, while 5 respondents or 31% are not willing to pay.
Health insurance policy is hindered by some problems and these
are: Lack of contribution fees, Poor health services, and Limited services
provided by MHI, Few health centres, High contribution, and MHI verse other
health insurances. For the above problems which hinder MHI, 47% of the
respondents argued that the government is the good provider of the best
solutions, 29% of the respondents shown that MHI institution could be the good
provider of the best solutions, while 24% of the respondents claimed that the
implication of NGOs should contribute a good solution.
64% of the respondents on perception of the amount contributed
argued that the premium is medium. 57% of respondent on whether are they happy
or not, argue that they are not happy with services package offered by MHI,
while 64 argued that its collaboration with MHI institution was good.
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