ABSTRACT
The analysis of reduced impact logging measures (EFIR) applied
to the exploitation of triplochiton scleroxylon also called
Obéché pilot name, is part of the large family of Malvaceaes
(angiosperm), having no commercial restriction, in cutting sales SOFICOM (VC
N° 0801256) and SCIFO (VC N° 0801243) respectively, enabled us to
achieve some goals, firstly to understand the very meaning of the EFIR
measures, then we set out to analyze the impact of these EFIR measures on Ayous
productivity and profitability at overall level of the company, for this an
EFIR perception index, namely total IPE which is T = 55%, informed us about the
good dynamic approach of the company SCIFO in terms of reduced impact. In
addition, the 55% of IPE applied mainly to Ayous (more than 95% of total
production in 2019) shows a productivity that would be seen considerably
upward, the former sale of cuts from the company SCIFO (with a internal
material yield of 35%, IPE < 55%). Yield for the 2020 financial year would
be seen on the rise (55 IPE, or 55% of the forecasted yield in addition, this
would correspond to 54.25%). In addition, the rate of regeneration of Ayous in
the forest (SOFICOM site, IPE = 55%) is quite slow (45%) or in the process of
becoming effective, the index of improvement in the company's performance shows
a 60% improvement rate. Logging activities in general have been determinants to
evaluate the IPE in particular on logging, which is one of the essential
activities in the wood harvesting process. These results can guide us on the
problem according to which, whether or not the reduced impact exploitation of
Ayous promotes the profitability of Ayous within the company SCIFO? Finally
this analysis led us towards a certification dynamic recommended by a
recognized certification system FSC (Forest Certification Council), which would
considerably improve the competitiveness of a company on the national and
international scale, following a good traceability system. This thus translates
their recommendation by the company SCIFO for a proven path to FSC
certification among many others.
Keywords: Triplochiton scleroxylon
(Ayous), IPE, EFIR, profitability.
INTRODUCTION
1. CONTEXTE ET JUSTIFCATION DE
L'ETUDE
Le Cameroun fait partie des pays membres du bassin du Congo,
étant donné que le bassin du Congo est la 2e plus
grande réserve naturelle et forestière mondiale (poumon
forestier), après celui de l'Amazonie (Wasseige et al. 2014),
cela suscite l'attention de plusieurs particuliers, entreprises, organismes et
autres dans le cadre de l'exploitation des ressources naturelles notamment
celles du bois et plusieurs autres ressources forestières dont leur
exploitation parfois se fait sans contrôle occasionnant beaucoup de
dangers et très peu de maitrise de la part des exploitants. Dans
l'entreprise SCIFO l'exploitation dominante est celle de l'Ayous
(Triplochiton scléroxylon), l'année 2019 en
particulière, s'est achevée par une exploitation en grande
majorité d'Ayous (93,56 % de la production en grume totale), l'on estime
que sur ce rythme il pourrait y avoir bientôt manque en forêt et
surtout au parc rupture bois de l'usine ce qui va d'avantage diminuer la
production en débités diminuant ainsi l'offre,
défavorisant la demande sans cesse croissance sur le marché de
négoce internationale du bois. Nous avons donc jugé
nécessaire d'établir des études qui nous aideraient
à comprendre les mesures d'exploitation forestière à
impact réduit (EFIR) (méthodes ou techniques utilisées
pour réduire les dommages de l'exploitation forestière sur
l'environnement forestier) sur l'exploitation et la transformation de l'Ayous,
afin de montrer son rôle dans ce cas.
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