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Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar
251658240
Faculté des Lettres et Sciences
Humaines
Département de Littératures et
Civilisations des Pays de langue anglaise
Mémoire de maîtrise
d'anglais
Class struggle in In Dubious Battle
(1936) by John Steinbeck and Devil on the Cross
(1982) by Ngugi wa Thiong'o
Présenté par
Sous la direction de :
Ndiaga SYLLA
Dr Oumar NDONGO,
Docteur d'Etat ès Lettres
Année académique
2009/2010
Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar
251662336
Faculté des Lettres et Sciences
Humaines
Département de Littératures et
Civilisations des Pays de langue anglaise
Mémoire de maîtrise
d'anglais
Class struggle in In Dubious Battle
(1936) by John Steinbeck and Devil on the Cross
(1982) by Ngugi wa Thiong'o
Présenté par
Sous la direction de :
Ndiaga SYLLA
Dr Oumar NDONGO,
Docteur d'Etat ès Lettres
Année académique 2009/2010
Dedication
This piece of work is dedicated to my parents whose
contributions I value dearly. May God grant them long life and fulfillment for
their ambitions.
This is also an opportunity to salute the dedication of my two
departed teachers (Mr. Diakham, History and Geography teacher, and Mr. Mbodj,
French teacher). Both of them taught me at Louga Malick Sall high school.
May Allah grant them eternal peaceful
rest.
Acknowledgements
I would like first of all to express my heartfelt thanks and
gratefulness to my supervisor Professor Oumar Ndongo for having accepted to
supervise this research project.
I must admit that I am highly indebted to him for his
benevolence, understanding, and willingness to supervise my work even though
everybody knows that supervising M.A theses while performing international
responsibilities is not an easy task.
Through the process of writing this MA thesis, I have learnt
so many valuable things from him which I hope have contributed positively to
enriching the work.
My gratitude to all those who opened my mind to the world,
from primary school to university through secondary school.
I would thank Professors of the English department for their
enlightened courses and dedication despite the daunting task of serving a
community of more than six thousand students.
Finally, I thank my classmates who took time to proofread my
text.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I Introduction
I. Social contexts in both novels
1. Critical social backgrounds and the reasons for the
commitment of John Steinbeck and Ngugi wa Thiong'o
2. The protection of the downtrodden in a world of
exploitation
II. Class divisions
1. Confrontation between the working and the dominant classes
2. The victimization of the working class
III. Resistance to oppression
1. Emergence of a new leadership
2. The outcome of the struggle as illustrated in both
novels
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