ENDNOTES
Byabene, K. 1980. Quelques Aspects de la Grammaire
Générative et Transformationnelle du Swahili Parle à
Bukavu. pp 8-64
Goyvaerts, D. L. 1988. Indoubil: A Swahili Hybrid in
Bukavu. pp 231-242.
Goyvaerts, D. and Tembue, Z. 1992. Codeswitching in
Bukavu. pp 71-81.
Masumbuko, L. 1987. The Use of Swahili in Bukavu Primary
Schools. pp 29-40.
Chapter 2. METHHODOLOGY
2.1.
Introduction
This chapter is devoted to the description of the methodology
implemented in this study. The latter has observed some methodological steps.
These consist of the technique in the collection of data, types of methods and
the presentation of data after which a summary will be provided.
2.2.
Collection of data
Data were collected through oral sources among Swahili
speakers of Bukavu. These speakers were randomly selected. They are of various
ages, education levels, tribal origins, and quarters. They helped me become
aware of their choice of words. To cope with these speakers, I got involved in
chats and conversations with them as they were speaking Swahili. Listening to
and interacting with them led me to select some words constituting my check
list. I did not take into account any words but those which comply with
diglossic functional distribution. That is, a concept had to display two
distinct lexical features, each belonging to a variety of this Swahili spoken
in Bukavu.
2.3.
Types of methods
Three types of methods -observation, interview and
documentation- have been implemented to achieve this study.
2.3.1.
Observation
I observed the check list through validation of lexical
distinction for a concept, in accordance with functional distribution. That is,
I did not take into account a concept that did not display two different
lexical features (one in S and the other in B.S.).
As observation alone could not lead me to accurate data, I had
recourse to interview.
2.3.2.
Interview
Some oral questions led me to contact thirty-three informants
whose answers let me be informed on the meaning of some words, the use of the
words and their origins. Therefore, I based on three main questions:
1) What is x called in the Swahili that you speak better/best?
2) What is the meaning of x ?
3) What is the origin of x ?
As Kambale Baha(2007) declares:«Informants are notorious
liars!», I had recourse to documentation to seek for the veracity of the
information by my informants.
2.3.3.
Documentation
Reference to books and articles is inherent to scientific
research. I read books and articles to back the diglossic realities on Swahili
spoken in Bukavu focusing my attention on lexical features, to check the
originality of the data.
All the three methodological tools elaborated above, the data
which this study is wholly made up of are presented below.
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