Evaluation of the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and anti alpha amylase effects of extracts of the twigs and fruits of ficus ovata vahl (moraceae)

III.1.6. Modulatory effects of extracts on some biomarkers of type 2 diabetes

After 14 days of experimentation, the results of the biochemical parameters and the body weight evaluated between the control groups revealed the importance of the implication of diet (atherogenic diet, high fructose and high cholesterol) in the pathology of our animals.

III.1.6.1. Effect of extracts on the body weight of experimental rats

Concerning body weight parameters, it was notice that the negative control had a significant increase of about 31.448 g (16.24%) from the first to the fourteenth day of experimentation as compared to 18.146 g (9.27%) observed in rats of the positive control group. The FOHT and FOHF extracts showed a significant decrease in the variation of body weight as compared to the positive control (XIX).

Table XIX: Effect of extracts on the variation of body weight

	Weight T0 (day 1)	Weight T2 (day 7)	Weight T3 (day 14)
Negative control	193.614 #177; 5.780	214.284 #177; 2.206	225.062 #177; 2.924
Positive control	195.672 #177; 7.495	207.506 #177; 7.551^*a	213.818 #177; 7.291^*a
Treated groups
FOHT(300mg/Kg)	195.942 #177; 10.866	177.912 #177; 9.405^b	182.546 #177; 12.375^b
FOHF(300mg/Kg)	194.214 #177; 10.329	186.784 #177; 12.715^b	191.372 #177; 12.973^b

*: significant difference between the positive control and the negative control

a and b : significant difference between the positive control and the groups FOHT and FOHF at p< 0,05.

III.1.6.2.Effect of extracts on fasting blood glucose after experimentation

The fasting blood glucose at the end of experimentation was not significantly different (p<0.05) between the negative and the positive control group. The fasting blood glucose was significantly suppressed by the hydroethanolic fruits extract of F. Ovata as compared to the positive control but the FOHT extract shows no significant (figure 14).

Figure 14 : Effect of extracts on fasting blood glucose after experimentation

*: significant difference between the positive control and the negative control

a and b : significant difference between the control and the groups FOHT and FOHF at the threshold of 0,05;

III.1.6.3. Effect of extracts on markers of lipid profil after experimentation

A significant increase (p<0.05) in plasmatic concentration of total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG), LDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic index TC/ HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/ HDL- cholesterol in the positive control was observed as compared to the negative control (table XX).

Table XX: Effect of extracts on the markers of lipid profile after experimentation

Groupes	Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	Triglycerides (mg/dl)	HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	VLDL- cholesterol (mg/dl)
Negative control	56.732#177;7.943	19.500#177;4.184	34.928#177;1.069	17.903#177;6.817	3.900#177;0.836
Positive control	86.169#177;2,053*^a	37.000#177;4,728*^a	28.026#177;2,857*^a	50.743#177;4,789*^a	7.400#177;0.945*^a
Treated groups
FOHT(300mg/Kg)	69.751#177;4.380^b	30.791#177;7.783^a	26.823#177;6.507^a	36.769#177;4.938^a	6.153#177;1.556^a
FOHF(300mg/Kg)	65.830#177;5.256^b	11.333#177;0.825^b	45.542#177;6.329^b	18.020#177;5.922^b	2.266#177;0.165^b

*: significant difference between the positive control and the negative control. Chol: Cholesterol

a and b : significant difference between the control and the test groups at the threshold of 0,05;

The consumption of this atherogenic diet and high fructose-high cholesterol, lead to a significant increase (p<0.05) in the concentration of total cholesterol which is contrary to the normal food. Also, we also observed a significant (p<0.05) decrease of this parameter in the test groups as compared to the negative control (table XX).

Equally, we observed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the concentration of triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol in the positive control as compared to the negative control. Only the extract FOHF significantly reduced (p<0.05) the concentration of triglyceride, LDL- and VLDL- cholesterol.

Furthermore, we observed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the plasmatic concentration of HDL- cholesterol in the test group FOHF as compared to the positive control.

The atherogenic index CT/HDL- chol and LDL-chol/HDL-chol reduced significantly (p<0, 05) for the FOHF extract as compared to the positive control. There was no significant difference between the test group that receives the FOHT extract and the positive control.