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Gastrointestinal infections and under nutrition among children between 0 and 5 years old. Case of Mareba sector, Bugesera district, eastern province, Rwanda


par Wilson NSENGIYUMVA
Kigali institute of Rwanda (KIE) - Licence 2012
  

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Extinction Rebellion

APENDICES

Table 2: THE PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTION ACCORDING TO IDENTIFIED PARASITES IN 50 INFECTED CHILDREN.

No

Types of Infections

Number of children infected

Prevalence (%)

1

White blood Cells

3

6

2

Bacteria

4

8

3

Entamoeba histolytica

4

8

4

Trichomonas intestinalis

7

14

5

Plasmodium malaria

8

16

6

Negative

12

24

7

Yeast

15

30

Table 3: CLASSIFICATION OF CHILDREN AGES AND INFECTIONS

Intervals of ages

Total number of children

Children infected

Percentage (%)

0-6 months

9

7

18.9

7-12 months

8

6

15.7

13-24 months

17

12

31.5

25months-5years

16

13

34.2

Table 4: GENDER PRESENTATION OF CHILDREN INFECTED BY GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITE

 

Sex

Total

Gastrointestinal parasite

Male

Female

Total

Percentage (%)

Male

Female

Positive

24

14

38

77.4

73.6

Negative

7

5

12

22.5

26

Table 5: CHILDREN STATUS, CALCULATION OF NUTRITION AND LABORATORY RESULTS

No of child

Weight (Kg)

Height (Cm)

Age

(Months)

Sex (F/M)

Weight/Height in %

Length/Age in %

Weight/Age in %

Infection

1.

7

72

13M

F

77.7(M)

94.2

69.3(M)

Bacteria and Yeast

2.

7

68

9M

F

88.6

95.2

78.6(M)

Bacteria and Yeast

3.

9.2

78

19M

F

88.4

94.4

80.7

Bacteria and Yeast

4.

11

91

36M

F

84.6

96.2

76.3(M)

Trichomonas intestinalis

5.

13

80

24M

M

120.3

94

106.5

WBCs

6.

10

82

24M

M

89.2

96.3

81.6

-

7.

15

89

36M

M

119.04

94.1

104.1

Yeast

8.

10

81

24M

M

90.9

95.1

81.9

-

9.

8

64

6M

M

117.6

95.6

106.6

Yeast

10.

12

88

36M

F

96.77

93.1

83.3

Yeast

11.

14

86

36M

F

116.6

91

97.2

WBCs

12.

10

79

24M

M

94.3

92.8

81.9

P.troph

13.

7

64

8M

F

102.9

91.2

82.3

-

14.

5

57

4M

M

104.1

90.6

78.1(M)

Yeast

15.

3.7

51

2M

M

105.7

88.5

74(M)

Bacteria

16.

5.2

60

5M

M

92.8

92.3

74.2(M)

Yeast

17.

4.8

58

4M

M

94.1

92.2

75(M)

Trichomonas intestinalis

18.

8

70

10M

M

94.1

96.2

86.9

-

19.

15

113

5Y

M

64.9(S)

103.4

82.4

P.troph

20.

7.9

75

11M

M

81.4

101.3

82.2

E.histolytica

21.

3.7

51

2M

F

105.7

59.9

74(M)

-

22.

7

70

12M

M

82.3

93

70.7(M)

Yeast

23.

8.1

72

14M

M

101.1

92.9

77.8(M)

Trichomonas intestinalis

24.

10.3

80

27M

F

95.3

91.3

81.1

E.histolytica

25.

4.3

54

3M

M

104.8

89.5

74.1(M)

-

26.

9

80

24M

M

83.3

94

73.7(M)

Trichomonas intestinalis

27.

8

79

24M

F

75.4(M)

92.8

65.5(M)

Yeast

28.

14

110

5Y

F

101.8

100.7

79.9(M)

Yeast

29.

13

93

4Y

M

96.2

90.9

79.2(M)

Trichomonas intestinalis

30.

13.1

92

4Y

M

99.2

89.9

79.8

-

31.

8

70

12M

M

94.1

93

80.8

P.troph

32.

10

81

24M

M

90.9

95.1

81.9

P.troph

33.

13.7

94

4Y

M

100

91.8

83.5

E.histolytica

34.

10.3

80

26M

F

95.3

92.2

82.4

-

35.

8

70

13M

F

94.1

91.6

79.2(M)

-

36.

10.5

87

36M

M

86

92.06

79.9(M)

Trichomonas intestinalis

37.

8

70

12M

M

94.1

93

80.8

WBCs

38.

7

81

13M

M

63.6(S)

106

69.3(M)

Yeast

39.

11.5

87

3.4M

M

94.2

89.5

76.1(M)

Yeast

40.

13

92

4Y

F

98.4

89.9

79.2(M)

P.troph

41.

15

96

4Y

M

105.6

93.8

91.4

P.troph

42.

9.1

76

17M

M

91.9

97.5

82.2

-

43.

10

83

24M

F

87.7

97.5

81.9

Yeast

44.

9.3

77

17M

F

89.4

95.4

84.5

E.histolytica

45.

12

93

4Y

M

88.8

90.9

73.1(M)

Trichomonas intestinalis

46.

10

82

18M

M

89.2

100.3

89.2

-

47.

8

70

12M

M

94.1

93

80.8

P.troph

48.

5

58

4M

F

98

92.2

78.1(M)

P.troph

49.

13.2

93

4Y

F

97.7

90.9

80.4

-

50.

10

85

24M

F

84.7

99.8

81.9

Yeast

· M: Moderate undernutrition Negative (-)

· S: Severe undernutrition

· WBC: White Blood Cells

· P.troph: Plasmodium malaria at trophozoites stage

Table 6: CALCULATION OF MALNUTRITION WITH RELATED INFECTIONS

Method used

Children malnutrition

Type of malnutrition

Infection

Infections among malnourished

Number

Prevalence (%)

Number

Prevalence (%)

Weight for height

2

4

Moderate wasting

Moderate wasting

Bacteria & Yeast

Yeast

1

1

50

50

2

4

Severe wasting

Severe wasting

P.trophozoite

Yeast

1

1

50

50

Height for age

0

0

No stunting

Negative

 

Weight for age

22

44

Moderate underweight

Moderate underweight

Moderate underweight

Moderate underweight

Moderate underweight

Moderate underweight

Bacteria & Yeast

Trichomonas intestinalis

Yeast

Bacteria

Negative

P.trophozoite

2

7

7

1

3

2

9

32

32

5

14

9

Table 7: PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITION AMONG CHILDREN ACCORDING TO THE INFECTIOUS AGENTS

Infectious agents

Type of malnutrition

Weight for Height

Height for age

Weight for age

Moderate

Severe

-

Moderate

Severe

White Blood Cells

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Bacteria

1 (25%)

 
 

1 (25%)

0 (0%)

Entamoeba histilytica

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Trichomonas intestinalis

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

7 (100%)

0 (0%)

Plasmodium malaria

0 (0%)

1 (2,5%)

 

2 (25%)

0 (0%)

Yeasts

1 (6,7%)

1 (6,7%)

 

7 (46,7%)

0 (0%)

Bacteria and yeasts

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

2 (66,6%)

0 (0%)

Table 8: CHILDREN NUTRITION

Criteria used

Interval of age, frequency, and percentage of consumers

0-6 months

7-12 months

13-24 months

25 months- 5 years

Vegetables

0 (0%) eat;

9 (100%) do not eat

5 (62.5%) eat;

3 (37.5%) do not eat

12 (70.5%) eat;

5 (29.5%) do not eat

12 (75%) eat;

4 (25%) do not eat

Fruits

0 (0%) fruit;

9 (100%) no fruit

2 (25%) many;

6 (75%) few

9 (52.9%) many;

8 (47.1%) few

11 (68.7%) many;

5 (31.3%) few

Meats

0 (0%) eat;

9 (100%) do not eat

1(12.5%) eat;

7 (87.5%) do not eat

1 (5.8%) eat;

16 (94.2%) do not eat

1 (6.2%) eat;

15 (93.8%)do not eat

Eggs

0 (0%) eat;

9 (100%) do not eat

1 (12.5%) eat;

7 (87.5%) do not eat

1 (5.8%) eat;

16 (94.2%) do not eat

1 (6.2%) eat;

15 (93.8%) do not eat

Beans

0 (0%) eat;

9(100%)do not eat

7 (87.5%) eat;

1 (12.5%) do not eat

16 (94.2%) eat;

1 (5.8%) do not eat

15 (93.8%) eat;

1 (6.2%) do not eat

Milk

0 (0%) drink;

9 (100%) do not drink

1 (12.5%) drink;

7 (87.5%) do not drink

3 (17.6%) drink;

14(82.4%) do not drink

3 (18.7%) drink;

13 (81.3%) do not drink

Table 9: PARENTS SUGGESTIONS

Criteria

Interval of age, frequency, and percentage of consumers

0-6 months

7-12 months

13-24 months

25 months- 5 years

Is nutrition sufficient?

1(11.1%) no;

8(88.9%) yes

7(87.5%) no;

1(12.5%) yes

16(94.1%) no;

1 (5.9%) yes

15 (93.7%) no;

1 (6.3%) yes

Is weight sufficient?

8(88.9%) yes;

1 (11.1%) no

5(62.5%) no;

3(37.5%) yes

1 (5.9%) yes;

16 (94.1%) no

1(6.3%) yes;

15 (93.7%) no

Table 10: CHILDREN HYGIENE

Criteria

Interval of age, frequency, and percentage of consumers

0-6 months

7-12 months

13-24 months

25 months- 5 years

Kind of water taken by children

9 (100%) no water;

0 (0%) drink

7(87.5%) unboiled;

1 (12.5%) boiled

16 (94.2%) unboiled;

1 (5.8%)boiled

15(93.8%) unboiled;

1 (6.2%) boiled

Place where a child take food

8 (88.9%)with parents;

1 (0.1%) without parents

1 (12.5%)with parents;

7(88.5%) without parents

2 (11.7%)with parents;15 (88.3%)without parents

1 (6.2%)with parents;

15 (93.8%)without parents

Table 11: CHILDREN HEALTH

Criteria

Interval of age, frequency, and percentage of consumers

0-6 months

7-12 months

13-24 months

25 months- 5 years

Times of sickness

1 (11.1%) >2/month;

8 (88.9%) <2/month

1 (12.5%) >2/month;

7(84.5%) <2/month

9 (52.9%)

>2/month;

8 (47.1%) <2/month;

10 (62.5%) >2/month;

6 (37.5%) <2/month;

Symptoms

8 (88.9%) fever, diarrhea, loss of appetite

1 (11.1%) others

3 (37.5%) fever, diarrhea, loss of appetite;

5 (62.5%) others

5 (29.4%) fever, diarrhea, loss of appetite;

12 (70.6%) others

7 (43.7%) fever, diarrhea, loss of appetite;

9 (56.3%) others

Days of manifesting symptoms

8 (88.9%) 2days;

1 (11.1%) >2days

7 (84.5%) 2days;

1 (12.5%) >2days

16 (94.2%) 2days;

1 (5.8%) >2days

15 (93.7%) 2days;

1 (6.3%) >2days

Table 12: ORDER OF TAKING MEAL

Criteria

Interval of age, frequency, and percentage of consumers

0-6 months

7-12 months

13-24 months

25 months- 5 years

Times of eating

9 (100%) do not eat;

0 (0%) eat

7 (87.5%) <2/day;

1 (12.5%) >2/day

13 (76.4%) <2/day;

4 (23.6%) >2/day

9(56.2%) >2/day;

7(43.8%) >2/day

Times of drinking porridge

9 (100%) do not drink;

0 (0%) drink

7 (87.5%) >2/day;

1 (12.5%) <2/day

15(88.2%) >2/day;

2(11.8%) <2/day

13(81.2%)>2/day;

3(18.8%)<2/day

Times of breasting

8 (88.9%) >2/day;

1(11.1%) <2/day

6 (75%) >2/day;

2 (25%) <2/day

11(64.7%) >2/day;

6(35.3%) <2/day

3(18.8%) >2/day;

13(81.2%)<2/day

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