V PROBLEMATICS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF CONGOLESE NATURAL
RESOURCES
Faced to the resources fast degradation of natural resources
that the inverse and particularly the each planet, is undergoing, the
DRC is submitted to multiform pressure it has got large
quantities of natural resources, Its strategic natural resources like sweet
water, its hydroelectric potential, lakes, forest reserves and pastures are
causes of endless wars which are spoliation mechanisms. The country is known
for its parks, forest and mining reserves and so good management strategies are
required.
V.1. Management of Forest and Conservation of Congolese
Natural resources
According to Professor AYOBANGIRA,
the DRC owns 50% of African forest reserves and 17% of the
reserves. Its 120 hectares of wet dense forests make of it the second lung of
the earth planet and release the oxygene that the whole planet needs its
survival. For the management of that category of natural resources, forest not
considered as reserves enjoy various statuses and their exploitation is
regulated by many laws among which we may mention the forest code, the
environment code and the law about nature conservation.
The World Bank brings support to the DRC
forest code of August 2002. This code stipulates that civil society and the
public power have access to natural resources but taking into account the
protection of the world environment.
We therefore need to proceed to:
· An efficient forest management
· A transparent allotment of contracts
· A retrocession of forest rental fees to local
entities
· Management of forest by rural communities
· Creation of new protected areas
· Protection of biodiversity in the production spaces
So, on the economic point of view, Congolese forests
constitute not only the operators, raw material but also a capital for famers,
animal breeders and generate for the government.
V.2. Management and Conservation of Congolese Soil
Congolese population distribution is not homogeneous
throughout DRC. In overpopulated areas, the threat of erosion
is permanent while forest soils are fragile for agriculture. With long-lasting
farming we mean farming activities that aim to improve the soil maintenance by
means of perennial cultures while caring for the ecological equilibrium, social
and the economic operators profitability.
Reforestation policy allows to reestablish soil equilibrium.
Refertilization arable soils allow to avoid erosions that carry away humus and
other agricultural substances and destabilizes the configuration of the earth's
layers. Sewers limit soil deterioration and tarring roads prevent cracking
resulting from big engines.
The soil structure deterioration has not only inconveniences
but also advantages. Indeed, without erosion the amount of sand would cause
decrease in the quantity of precious materials and the offer of mining products
would be inelastic, which world reduce the government's in-comes and world
limit social welfare.
V.3. Situation of Congolese Mining Resources
The DRC has got enormous mining resources
such as Diamond, Gold, Copper, Cobalt, Zinc, Manganese and Cassiterite. Those
resources management motivated Congolese authorities to set a mining code. The
Congolese subsoil contains other mining substances almost everywhere in the
country. The efficient management in the DRC mining resources
is regulated by the mining code and the mining survey.
The mining potential in the DRC is scandalous
with the following known reserves according to Professor
AYOBANGIRA:
· 20 billion tons of manganese
· 112 million tons copper
· 10,5 million tons of cobalt
· 20 million tons of zinc
· 15 million of iron
· 40 million tons of gold estimated at 50 million
dollars
· 150 million tons of miobium mineral
· 730 million tons of carat diamond
· 750 thousand tons of cassiterite
· 175,500 tons of lithium
There are still unevaluated materials such as bauxite, coal,
silver, methane gaz, marble, nickel, phosphate, tin uranium.
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