EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This study seeks to identify the harmful effects of the
non compliance with the hygiene of latrines in households in the Kahembe
district.
The main question is: «what are the harmful effects
of the non respect of hygiene of latrines in households in the KAHEMBE
district?»
The following specific questions have been put in
account:
· The non observance of the hygiene of latrines is
the base of the spread of diarrhoeal diseases in the Kahembe area?
· The non observance of the hygiene of latrines
promotes the proliferation of vectors of diseases in the households of the
Kahembe district?
To answer to the questions of our work, the following
hypothesis have been made:
· The non observance of the hygiene of latrines would
be the basis of the spread of diarrhoeal diseases in the Kahembe district such
as the acute water diarrhoeal, acute gastroenteritis, dysentery and
amoebiasis.
· The non observance of the hygiene of latrines in
households in the Kahembe district would encourage the proliferation of vectors
of diseases such as: flies, mosquitoes, rats and cockroaches.
This study has the following specific objectives:
· To establish a relationship between the non-respect
of hygiene of latrines and the spread of diarrhoeal diseases such as acute
water diarrhoeal, acute gastroenteritis, dysentery and amoebiasis in the
Kahembe district;
· Evaluate the effect of the non-observance of the
hygiene of latrines on the proliferation of vectors of diseases such as flies,
mosquitoes, rats and cockroaches in the households of the Kahembe
district.
We made us of an investigative technique by questionnaire
on 348 householders of Kahembe district to whom a survey questionnaire
submitted. The processing and analysis of data was made using the SPSS software
and MS Word software for entering them.
The results of this study are as follows:
The majority of our respondents being 90% clean their
latrines against 10% which do not, among our respondents that clean their
latrines, only 48.9% do it every day, 35.5% do it twice a week; 12.5% do the
cleaning once per week while 3.1% do it once per month; for the cleaning
material, 70% of respondents clean their latrines only with brooms, 12.5% use a
bucket of water only; 9.9% clean with the squeegee and 7.6% that do with the
cloth. Protection equipments during cleaning of latrines are not used by 81.2%
of our respondents; where as 13.4% put-on gloves; 5.4% use aprons and none of
them wear boots to protect themselves.
This same study shows that 75% of the population surveyed
have no cover on their latrines, 50.9% of those surveyed have said that their
latrines give off offensive odors, 22.1% said that they do not wash their hands
after having been to the toilet while 77.9%; 72% of those who wash their hands
do it with SAOP, 26.9% use only water and ash for 1.1% of respondents.
For the assessment of the effects of the non respect of
hygiene of latrines on the proliferation of vectors of diseases in the Kahembe
district, this study found that 52% of respondents have denied the presence of
flies in their latrines while 48% of the surveyed affirmed it, 41% say that
there is contact of these flies with their kitchen utensils, 36.4% wash their
dishes with SOAP to fight germs, 32.1% do the cleaning of their latrines; 7%
cover the hole in their latrines; 4.9% of respondents do the dishes with only
water; 2.1% apply the sprinkling of ash and 2.8% spray paraffin in their
latrines while 14.7% take no precautions against it.
Closest latrines are within one meter of their homes for
29% of those surveyed, 2 to 3 meters is the distance between 31% of our
respondents households to their latrines, 30% of respondents are separated from
their latrines from 4 to 5, 12% have an interval of 6 a7 meters and 5% of
households surveyed are separated from their latrines for more than 8
meter.
The disease vectors are visible in the latrine of the
Kahembe district with a rate of 33.9% for rats, 31.9% for flies, 23% for
mosquitoes and 11.2% for the presence of cockroaches; 81.9% of respondents
claimed that this proliferation is the consequence of the non-observance of the
hygiene of latrines and gave to 23.2% the bad construction of the latrine as
cause, 14.7% say that this is due to the dirty state of the latrines, 20.7% say
that this is due to the depth of the pit which would be low, 19% attribute the
cause to the lack of cover; 15.8% say that it is because their latrines are
roof-open; 2.4% are of the opinion that this just caused by promiscuity; 1.4%
attribute the faults to neighbors and to finish 1.1% say that it is due to the
lack of water and 1.1% say that this is due to the lack of
disinfectants.
Following the results achieved, the following suggestions
were made:
ü To the political and administrative
authorities
· To support hygiene service to combat dirty hands
diseases;
· To ensure compliance with planning standards in the
district to avoid promiscuity.
ü To NGOs and institutions involved in the public
health field:
· To educate the population on latrines management
systems in order to fight the vectors of water diseases;
· To help the people to fight against diseases
related to fecal peril to considerably reduce the rate of prevailed diarrhoeal
diseases in the Kahembe district.
ü To the community
· To apply hygiene measures to prevent and combat
dirty hands diseases;
· To ensure the cleanliness of latrines to prevent
the proliferation of vectors of diseases such as flies, mosquitoes, rats and
cockroaches in them;
· To put into practice the rules of hygiene of
latrines so as to be under lee of the risks tied to fecal peril.
ü To future researchers
· To continue with this type of research in other
areas of our city of Goma and its outskirts;
· To identify the strategies to combat the harmful
effects of the non compliance with the hygiene of latrines in different
households of Goma city.
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