Etude Structurale et Dynamique de Solutions de Sucre Confinées

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ETUDE STRUCTURALE ET DYNAMIQUE DE SOLUTIONS DE SUCRE CONFINEES

Bien que le rôle actif des sucres soit connu dans la stabilisation des membranes cellulaires lors de fortes déshydratations, il s'avère que les processus à l'origine de cette protection ne sont pas encore bien compris. Néanmoins, la très grande affinité de l'eau pour le sucre, comme en témoigne la formation de très nombreuses liaisons hydrogène, est semble-t-il responsable en partie de cette propriété exceptionnelle. L'étude expérimentale de la dynamique des molécules de sucre et d'eau permettra ainsi de quantifier l'importance de ces interactions.

Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes principalement intéressés à des solutions de mono- et disaccharides (glucose, fructose et tréhalose). La diffusion quasi-élastique des neutrons a permis de mesurer, à l'échelle de la picoseconde, la dynamique de l'eau et du sucre en solution et sous confinement dans des matériaux poreux présentant un mimétisme d'échelle avec le vivant. Les deux matrices sélectionnées, c'est-à-dire un gel de silice aqueux et des nanosphères de silice mésoporeuse de type MCM-41, qui présentent des diamètres de pores de 18 et 3 nm respectivement, ont été caractérisées grâce à un large panel de techniques expérimentales (SANS, MET, MEB, Spectroscopie Raman, BET, DRX). L'effet du confinement sur la dynamique et sur les transitions de phase solide-liquide a ainsi pu être exploré, ainsi que l'effet protecteur des sucres grâce à une étude de déshydratation in-situ suivie par diffusion des neutrons aux petits angles.

MOTS-CLES : Sucres, mono- et disaccharides, solution aqueuse, synthèse, silice, gel, sphères mésoporeuses, MCM-41, confinement, dynamique moléculaire, transition de phase, QENS, SANS.