Memoire Online - Les nanomedicaments, une approche intelligente pour le traitement du cancer?

Figure 1 : Gamme de tailles des différents types de Nanovecteurs comparées à celles des

Figure 10 : La structure du dendrimere 13
Figure 11 : Représentation schématique des nanoparticules d'or, d'oxyde de fer et des Quantum dots 15

Figure 15 : Les principales voies de franchissement des NV à travers la membrane Cellulaire 31

Figure 17 : Architecture des nanotechnologies utilisées pour la vectorisation des médicaments 34

Figure 19 : Le nombre des publications sur les nanomédicaments entre 1940 et 2010 36

Figure 20 : Le diagramme des étapes de sélection des études incluses dans le mémoire 37

Figure 21 : Schéma représentatif des principales propriétés de la couronne de NV 38

Figure 22 : Histological analysis of neoplastic masses excised from immunodeficient mice bearing 40 human anaplastic thyroid xenograft tumors

Figure 23	:		In vivo antitumoral effects of GEMZAR® and L- GEM in immunodeficient mice bearing human anaplastic thyroid xenograft tumors		40
Figure 24	:		Specific interaction of mAb-NPs in SKOV-3 and Daudi cells		41
Figure 25	:		(a) MCF-7 and (b) C6 cancer cell viability of DOX in free form or formulated NP		42
Figure 26	:		Confocal laser scanning microscopy of C6 cancer cells incubated with DOX		42
Figure 27	:		In vitro cytotoxicity results using different cancer cell lines		43
Figure 28	:		In vitro viability of (A) MCF-7 and (B) C6 cells after 24 h (A1, B1) or 48 h		44
			(A2, B2) treatment of paclitaxel NP and Taxol®
Figure 29	:		Antitumor efficacies in vivo (A) and body weight changes (B)		45
Figure 30	:		The photo-targeted nanoparticle concept		46
Figure 31	:		Kaplan-Meier survival curves of CD1 nude/nude mice treated with different liposomal		47
			HPR formulations
Figure 32	:		In vivo fluorescent images of U87 tumor bearing mice of orthotopic model given physiological saline		48
Figure 33	:		Anti-tumor efficacy of various DOX formulations evaluated by relative tumor volume		48
Figure 34	:		Antiproliferative curve of various DOX formulations against C6		49
Figure 35	:		Percentage of survival (Kaplan-Meier plot) of rats with intracranially transplanted glioma C6 after iv injection of DOX		49
Figure 36	:		In vitro cytotoxicity against C6 cells after 60 h of incubation		50
Figure 37	:		In vivo effects of DOX solution and DOX-polymer conjugates after iv administration on the survival of brain tumor-bearing ICR mice		50
Figure 38	:		Extensive distribution of fluorescent liposomes in CNS		51
Figure 39	:		3D reconstruction of primate gadoteridol (GDL) infusion		51
Figure 40	:		Micrographs of the cortex region of SV 129 mice 15 min after injection of Apo		52
			Emodified nanoparticles
Figure 41	:		Inhibition of rat 101/8 glioblastoma growth in rats after treatment with doxorubicin-loaded PBCA nanoparticles		52
Figure 42	:		NGF concentrations in murine brain after i.v. injection of different NGF preparations		52
Figure 43	:		(C) Internalization of free doxorubicin (F-DOX) and PEG-PE encapsulating doxorubicin (M-DOX) in A549 cells over a period of 30 min		53
Figure 44	:		Schéma représentatif de principales propriétés du coeur des NV		54
Figure 45	:		Sensitivity of DOX R MCF7 to doxorubicin (DOX), polymer (NP), mixture of doxorubicin and polymer (NP+DOX) and doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles (NP DOX)		55
Figure 46 Figure 47 Figure 48 Figure 49		: : : :		Résultat des tests menés in vivo sur des souris transgéniques porteuses d'un hépatocarcinome multirésistant The in vivo anticancer activity of nanosilver Histological examination of (A) the injection site (muscle), and (B) the spleens Bioassay of the nanocell with a GFP-positive melanoma-endothelial cell three-dimensional co-culture system		56 57 57 58
Figure 50		:		Polymer drug conjugates for combination chemotherapy		59
Figure 51		:		(a) In vitro pH-dependent cytotoxicity of DOX-loaded PHSM		60
Figure 52		:		The cellular uptake and retention of [D] NP		61
Figure 53		:		Viability of HeLa cells incubated with PTX-PCIAE-FA and Tarvexol for		62
				24 h at temperature of 37 and 40 ?C
Figure 54		:		(A)In vivo fluorescence images of MGH-U1 tumor bearing mice without treatment and after intravenous injection of LMNC-Cy5 SHMNC-Cy5		63
Figure 55		:		Cell viability assay for PLC-PRF-5 cancer cells treated during 48 h for different concentrations of gemcitabine		64
Figure 56		:		(a) T2-weighted fast-spin echo images at the level of the LNCaP tumor on the right side of the mouse		66
Figure 57		:		Représentation schématique de la méthode appliquée par l'équipe d'Arias en 2009		66
Figure 58		:		Examples of T2-weighted images of the tumors obtained at 2 h-postinjection of		67
				USPIO/SQgem NPs
Figure 59		:		In vivo imaging of Cy5.5-labeled CNPs in SCC7 tumor-bearing mice		68
Figure 60		:		(a) (1, 2) Selected MR images of PAV nanoemulsion and CTRL nanoemulsion injected mice		69
Figure 61		:		(a) (1) Photoacoustic tomography imaging before and after intradermal injection of porphysomes;(2) fluorescence imaging after i.v. injection of porphysomes		70
Figure 62		:		La squalénisation de la gemcitabine		71
Figure 63		:		Résultats des tests sur la leucémie murine		72
Figure 64		:		Résultats des traitements par la gemcitabine libre ou squalénisée sur le volume tumoral		73
Figure 65		:		SQ-Gem improves inhibition of tumor growth and increased survival		74
Figure 66		:		Représentation schématique des différentes voies d'activation du complément...		88

Les nanomedicaments, une approche intelligente pour le traitement du cancer?

CHAPITRE IV : Nanomédicament et Cancer "ESSAIS CLINIQUES"

CHAPITRE V: Toxicologie et Règlementation

CONCLUSION ET PERSPECTIVES

LISTE DES FIGURES