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Déterminants de la vitesse-revenu de ma monnaie en RDC, de 1970-2016.


par Nathan NGUZ
Université de Lubumbashi - Licence en économie 0000
  

précédent sommaire suivant

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Bibliographie

BCC. 2008- 2016, «Rapport annuel»,.

BIRD/BM. 2012, «synthèse, contexte historique et macroéconomique de la rdc», cahier de recherche, Banque Mondiale.

BOURBONNAIS, R. 2015, Économétrie: manuel et exercices corrigés, 9e éd., Paris. 45, 46, 47,

48

BRANA, S. et M. CASAL. 1997, La monnaie, 1re éd., Paris. 23

BRAND, C. et N. CASSOLA. 2000, «A money demand system for euro area m3», applied

economics, , no 36-8, 817-838.

DANIEL, S. 2009, Économie monétaire etfinancière, 1re éd., Bruxelles. 24, 25 DE BOISSIEU, C. 1975, «La vitesse de circulation de la monnaie», cujas.

DELAPLACE, M. 2009, Monnaie etfinancement de l'économie, 3e éd., Paris. 25, 27

DRISCOLL et LAHIRI. 1983, «Capital mobility, monetarization and monetary demand in africa», Montclair state university, , no 1.

ESSARS, P. D. 1895, «La vitesse de circulation de la monnaie», Journal de la société statistique de Paris. Tome 36. 16

HARRIBEY, J.-M. 2001, «La monnaie», Université d'été d'ATTAC, Arles. 4 JACOUD, G. 1996, La monnaie dans l'économie, 1re éd.. 23

KWESELE, C. 2013, La stabilisation monétaire en RDC : ciblage des paramètres opérationnels et des mécanismes institutionnels contracycliques, thèse de doctorat, Université de Lubumbashi - FSEG, Lubumbashi. 25, 29, 32

MANKIW, G. 2013, Macroéconomie, 9e éd., Paris. 30

MISHKIN, F. 2013, Monnaie, banque et marché financier, 10e éd.. 6, 23, 32

MOKRANI, A. 2017, «La volatilité de la politique monétaire et la croissance économique le cas algérien-approche économétrique», bootstrap. Revue académique des études humaines et sociales; université m'Hamed bouguara, BOUMERDES. 10

57

MOUNKALA, E. U. 2012, «Dynamique de la vitesse de circulation de la monnaie dans la cemac», BEAC working paper - BWP, vol. 15, no 6. Études et recherche. 11, 18

MUHAMMAD, O. 2010, «Velocity of money functions in pakistan and lessons for monetary policy», SBP Research Bulletin, vol. 6, no 2. 14

RABIOU, A. 2003, «Degré de monétarisation de l'économie et comportement de la vitesse de circulation de la monnaie au niger : essai d'une analyse théorique et empirique», Notes d'information et statistiques, , no 542. Études et recherche. 7, 12

SILEM, A. et J. M. ALBERTINI. 2015, Lexique d'économie, 13e éd.. 23, 27

WANG, W. et S. SHOUYONG. 2001, «The vavriability of velovity of money in a search model», Indiana University, , no 47 405.

58

Annexes

59

Annexe A

Tableaux

TABLEAU A.1 - Test de racine unitaire : vitesse-revenu à niveau

Null Hypothesis : VRQ has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 1 (Fixed)

 

t-Statistic

Prob.*

Augmented test statistic

Dickey-Fuller

-4.162285

0.0010

1 % level

-3.465585

 

Test critical values: 5 % level

-2.876927

 

10 % level

-2.575051

 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 
 

Dependent Variable: D(VRQ)

 
 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 06/21/18 Time: 11 :00

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1970Q3 2016Q4

 
 

Included observations: 186 after adjustments

 
 

Variable Coefficient Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.

VRQ(-1) -0.0861712 0.020833

-4.162285

0.0000

D(VRQ(-1)) 0.541941 0.062123

8.723634

0.0000

C 0.187162 0.050005

3.742848

0.0002

R-squared 0.313582 Mean dependent var

 

-0.002886

Adjusted R-squared 0.306080 S.D. dependent var

 

0.344136

S.E. of regression 0.286672 Akaike info criterion

 

0.355041

Sum squared resid 15.03908 Schwarz criterion

 

0.407069

Log likelihood -30.01877 Hannan-Quinn criter.

 

0.376124

F-statistic 41.80076 Durbin-Watson stat

 

2.162183

Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

 
 

60

TABLEAU A.2 - Test de racine unitaire: Masse monétaire à niveau

Null Hypothesis : MMQ has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 1 (Fixed)

 

t-Statistic

Prob.*

Augmented test statistic

Dickey-Fuller

-0.531966

0.8809

1 % level

-3.465585

 

Test critical values: 5 % level

-2.876927

 

10 % level

-2.575051

 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 
 

Dependent Variable: D(MMQ)

 
 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 06/21/18 Time: 11 :56

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1970Q4 2016Q4

 
 

Included observations: 186 after adjustments

 
 

Variable Coefficient Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.

MMQ(-1)) -0.000885 0.001665

-0.531966

0.5954

D(MMQ(-1)) 0.628542 0.057437

10.94316

0.0000

C 0.083451 0.032696

2.552294

0.0115

R-squared 0.395907 Mean dependent var

 

0.197130

Adjusted R-squared 0.389305 S.D. dependent var

 

0.197130

S.E. of regression 0.332307 Akaike info criterion

 

0.650484

Sum squared resid 20.20835 Schwarz criterion

 

0.702513

Log likelihood -57.49505 Hannan-Quinn criter.

 

0.671568

F-statistic 59.96667 Durbin-Watson stat

 

2.167501

Prob(F-statistic) 59.96667

 

0.000000

61

TABLEAU A.3 - Test de racine unitaire : Masse monétaire à la différence première

Null Hypothesis : D(MMQ) has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 1 (Fixed)

 

t-Statistic

Prob.*

Augmented test statistic

Dickey-Fuller

-5.106487

0.0000

1 % level

-3.465780

 

Test critical values: 5 % level

-2.877012

 

10 % level

-2.575097

 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 
 

Dependent Variable: D(MMQ,2)

 
 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 06/21/18 Time: 11 :18

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1970Q4 2016Q4

 
 

Included observations: 185 after adjustments

 
 

Variable Coefficient Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.

D(MMQ(-1)) -0.323478 0.063347

-5.106487

0.0000

D(MMQ(-1),2) -0.131048 0.073456

-1.784033

0.0761

C 0.064393 0.027339

2.355381

0.0196

R-squared 0.200227 Mean dependent var

 

0.000355

Adjusted R-squared 0.191438 S.D. dependent var

 

0.367616

S.E. of regression 0.330561 Akaike info criterion

 

0.640032

Sum squared resid 19.88724 Schwarz criterion

 

0.692254

Log likelihood -56.20294 Hannan-Quinn criter.

 

0.661196

F-statistic 22.78229 Durbin-Watson stat

 

1.986190

Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

 
 

62

TABLEAU A.4 - Test de racine unitaire : PIB réel (R) à niveau

Null Hypothesis : RQ has a unit root Exogenous: None

Lag Length: 1 (Fixed)

 

t-Statistic

Prob.*

Augmented test statistic

Dickey-Fuller

0.362075

0.7882

1 % level

-2.577454

 

Test critical values: 5 % level

-1.942545

 

10 % level

-1.615565

 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 
 

Dependent Variable: D(RQ)

 
 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 06/21/18 Time: 11 :28

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1970Q3 2016Q4

 
 

Included observations: 186 after adjustments

 
 

Variable Coefficient Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.

RQ(-1) 7.10E-06 1.96E-05

0.362075

0.7177

D(RQ(-1)) 0.848151 0.038217

22.19302

0.0000

R-squared 0.728096 Mean dependent var

 

0.002237

Adjusted R-squared 0.726618 S.D. dependent var

 

0.014945

S.E. of regression 0.007814 Akaike info criterion

 

-6.855099

Sum squared resid 0.011235 Schwarz criterion

 

-6.820413

Log likelihood 639.5242 Hannan-Quinn criter.

 

-6.841043

Durbin-Watson stat 2.326732

 
 

63

TABLEAU A.5 - Test de racine unitaire: PIB réel (R) en différence première

Null Hypothesis : D(RQ) has a unit root Exogenous: None

Lag Length: 1 (Fixed)

 

t-Statistic

Prob.*

Augmented test statistic

Dickey-Fuller

-3.193623

0.0015

1 % level

-2.577522

 

Test critical values: 5 % level

-1.942555

 

10 % level

-1.615559

 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 
 

Dependent Variable: D(RQ,2)

 
 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 06/21/18 Time: 11 :29

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1970Q4 2016Q4

 
 

Included observations: 185 after adjustments

 
 

Variable Coefficient Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.

D(RQ(-1)) -0.123571 0.038693

-3.193623

0.0017

D(RQ(-1),2) -0.191645 0.072014

-2.661229

0.0085

R-squared 0.111892 Mean dependent var

 

-0.000129

Adjusted R-squared 0.107039 S.D. dependent var

 

0.008139

S.E. of regression 0.007691 Akaike info criterion

 

-6.886854

Sum squared resid 0.010824 Schwarz criterion

 

-6.852040

Log likelihood 639.0340 Hannan-Quinn criter.

 

-6.872745

Durbin-Watson stat 1.988238

 
 

64

TABLEAU A.6 - Test de racine unitaire : taux de change à niveau

Null Hypothesis : TCQ has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 1 (Fixed)

 

t-Statistic

Prob.*

Augmented test statistic

Dickey-Fuller

-0.683945

0.8469

1 % level

-3.465585

 

Test critical values: 5 % level

-2.876927

 

10 % level

-2.575051

 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 
 

Dependent Variable: : D(TCQ)

 
 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 06/21/18 Time: 11 :43

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1970Q3 2016Q4

 
 

Included observations: 186 after adjustments

 
 

Variable Coefficient Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.

TCQ(-1) -0.000617 0.000902

-0.683945

0.4949

D(TCQ(-1)) 0.828125 0.041257

20.07236

0.0000

C 0.026457 0.017229

1.535576

0.1264

R-squared 0.688016 Mean dependent var

 

0.184848

Adjusted R-squared 0.684606 S.D. dependent var

 

0.313846

S.E. of regression 0.176256 Akaike info criterion

 

-0.617764

Sum squared resid 5.685092 Schwarz criterion

 

-0.565736

Log likelihood 60.45208 Hannan-Quinn criter.

 

-0.596680

F-statistic 201.7839 Durbin-Watson stat

 

2.340580

Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

 
 

65

TABLEAU A.7 - Test de racine unitaire: taux de change à la différence première

Null Hypothesis : D(TCQ) has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 1 (Fixed)

 

t-Statistic

Prob.*

Augmented test statistic

Dickey-Fuller

-3.240422

0.0193

1 % level

-3.465780

 

Test critical values: 5 % level

-2.877012

 

10 % level

-2.575097

 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 
 

Dependent Variable: : D(TCQ,2)

 
 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 06/21/18 Time: 11 :45

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1970Q4 2016Q4

 
 

Included observations: 185 after adjustments

 
 

Variable Coefficient Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.

D(TCQ(-1)) -0.137516 0.042438

-3.240422

0.0014

D(TCQ(-1),2) -0.202413 0.072527

-2.790859

0.0058

C 0.026219 0.014963

1.752241

0.0814

R-squared 0.123913 Mean dependent var

 

0.000639

Adjusted R-squared 0.114286 S.D. dependent var

 

0.184120

S.E. of regression 0.173280 Akaike info criterion

 

-0.651736

Sum squared resid 5.464707 Schwarz criterion

 

-0.599514

Log likelihood 63.28556 Hannan-Quinn criter.

 

-0.630572

F-statistic 12.87097 Durbin-Watson stat

 

1.996948

Prob(F-statistic) 0.000006

 
 

66

TABLEAU A.8 - Test de racine unitaire: taux d'inflation à niveau

Null Hypothesis : TIQ has a unit root Exogenous: None

Lag Length: 1 (Fixed)

 

t-Statistic

Prob.*

Augmented test statistic

Dickey-Fuller

-0.957253

0.3013

1 % level

-2.577454

 

Test critical values: 5 % level

-1.942545

 

10 % level

-1.615565

 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 
 

Dependent Variable: : D(TIQ)

 
 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 06/21/18 Time: 11 :49

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1970Q3 2016Q4

 
 

Included observations: 186 after adjustments

 
 

Variable Coefficient Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.

TIQ(-1) -0.006362 0.006646

-0.957253

0.3397

D(TIQ(-1)) 0.523261 0.064248

8.144369

0.0000

R-squared 0.264965 Mean dependent var

 

0.013664

Adjusted R-squared 0.260970 S.D. dependent var

 

0.463023

S.E. of regression 0.398046 Akaike info criterion

 

1.006197

Sum squared resid 29.15311 Schwarz criterion

 

1.040883

Log likelihood -91.57636 Hannan-Quinn criter.

 

1.020253

Durbin-Watson stat 2.050415

 
 

67

TABLEAU A.9 - Test de racine unitaire: taux d'inflation à la différence première

Null Hypothesis : D(TIQ) has a unit root Exogenous: None

Lag Length: 1 (Fixed)

 

t-Statistic

Prob.*

Augmented test statistic

Dickey-Fuller

-6.037826

0.0000

1 % level

-2.577522

 

Test critical values: 5 % level

-1.942555

 

10 % level

-1.615559

 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 
 

Dependent Variable: : D(TIQ,2)

 
 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 06/21/18 Time: 11 :51

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1970Q4 2016Q4

 
 

Included observations: 185 after adjustments

 
 

Variable Coefficient Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.

D(TIQ(-1)) -0.452237 0.074901

-6.037826

0.0000

D(TIQ(-1),2) -0.056876 0.075142

-0.756913

0.4501

R-squared 0.235057 Mean dependent var

 

0.007468

Adjusted R-squared 0.230877 S.D. dependent var

 

0.455487

S.E. of regression 0.399460 Akaike info criterion

 

1.013347

Sum squared resid 29.20104 Schwarz criterion

 

1.048162

Log likelihood -91.73461 Hannan-Quinn criter.

 

1.027457

Durbin-Watson stat 1.972774

 
 

TABLEAU A.10 - Test de racine unitaire: taux directeur à niveau

Null Hypothesis : TDQ has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 1 (Fixed)

 

t-Statistic

Prob.*

Augmented test statistic

Dickey-Fuller

-4.055412

0.0015

1 % level

-3.465585

 

Test critical values: 5 % level

-2.876927

 

10 % level

-2.575051

 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 
 

Dependent Variable: : D(TDQ)

 
 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 06/21/18 Time: 11 :54

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1970Q3 2016Q4

 
 

Included observations: 186 after adjustments

 
 

Variable Coefficient Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.

TDQ(-1) -0.089495 0.022068

-4.055412

0.0001

D(TDQ(-1)) 0.500055 0.063989

7.814703

0.0000

C 0.034819 0.013662

2.548622

0.0116

R-squared 0.272828 Mean dependent var

 

0.000321

Adjusted R-squared 0.264880 S.D. dependent var

 

0.169759

S.E. of regression 0.145550 Akaike info criterion

 

-1.000602

Sum squared resid 3.876798 Schwarz criterion

 

-0.948574

Log likelihood 96.05597 Hannan-Quinn criter.

 

-0.979518

F-statistic 34.32986 Durbin-Watson stat

 

2.119017

Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

 
 

TABLEAU A.11 - Estimation du modèle VAR

Vector Autoregression Estimates

Date: 06/21/18 Time: 12 :32

Sample (adjusted): 1971Q3 2016Q4

Included observations: 182 after adjustments

Standard errors in ( ) & t-statistics in []

Response of VRS :

VRS TIS TDS TCS RS MMS

0.532034 -0.171479 0.049997 -0.010239 -3.86E-05 0.062856

VRS(-1) (0.13027) (0.17055) (0.05357) (0.07481) (0.00448) (0.12995)

68

69

TABLEAU A.11 - Estimation du modèle VAR ( suite )

Vector Autoregression Estimates

Date : 06/21/18 Time : 12 :32

Sample (adjusted) : 1971Q3 2016Q4

Included observations : 182 after adjustments

Standard errors in ( ) & t-statistics in []

Response of VRS :

VRS TIS TDS TCS RS MMS

[4.08409] [-1.00545] [0.93332] [-0.13686] [-0.00862] [0.48370]

0.159807 0.047534 0.040728 0.020227 -0.000284 -0.027570

VRS(-2) (0.12632) (0.16538) (0.05195) (0.07254) (0.00435) (0.12601)

[1.26508] [0.28742] [0.78406] [0.27882] [-0.06544] [-0.21879]

0.057585 -0.009957 0.024338 -0.004453 0.001644 -0.031735

VRS(-3) (0.12727) (0.16662) (0.05234) (0.07309) (0.00438) (0.12696)

[0.45246] [-0.05976] [0.46503] [-0.06093] [0.37543] [-0.24997]

-0.641928 -0.260192 0.114303 0.102374 -0.008382 -0.032932

VRS(-4) (0.12280) (0.16077) (0.05050) (0.07052) (0.00422) (0.12250)

[-5.22743] [-1.61841] [2.26356] [1.45171] [-1.98420] [-0.26884]

0.143533 0.082812 0.006511 -0.082595 0.006763 0.163073

VRS(-5) (0.13533) (0.17717) (0.05565) (0.07771) (0.00466) (0.13499)

[1.06065] [0.46742] [0.11701] [-1.06283] [1.45275] [1.20802]

-0.050368 0.607209 0.035479 -0.043516 0.001244 -0.088199

TIS(-1) (0.06513) (0.08526) (0.02678) (0.03740) (0.00224) (0.06496)

[-0.77340] [7.12169] [1.32482] [-1.16356] [0.55511] [-1.35766]

-0.023425 0.073617 -0.004137 0.002987 -0.000279 0.016482

TIS(-2) (0.05940) (0.07777) (0.02443) (0.03411) (0.00204) (0.05926)

[-0.39434] [0.94659] [-0.16934] [0.08755] [-0.13633] [0.27814]

-0.013269 0.035696 -0.000527 0.007329 -0.000681 0.017811

TIS(-3) (0.05960) (0.07803) (0.02451) (0.03423) (0.00205) (0.05946)

[-0.22263] [0.45745] [-0.02149] [0.21413] [-0.33196] [0.29957]

0.275297 -0.794715 -0.188177 -0.078580 0.001070 -0.180932

TIS(-4) (0.05841) (0.07647) (0.02402) (0.03354) (0.00201) (0.05826)

70

TABLEAU A.11 - Estimation du modèle VAR ( suite )

Vector Autoregression Estimates

Date : 06/21/18 Time : 12 :32

Sample (adjusted) : 1971Q3 2016Q4

Included observations : 182 after adjustments

Standard errors in ( ) & t-statistics in []

Response of VRS :

VRS TIS TDS TCS RS MMS

[4.71335] [-10.3928] [-7.83480] [-2.34277] [0.53274] [-3.10539]

-0.176173 0.487839 0.122383 0.036239 -0.001432 0.037813

TIS(-5) (0.06544) (0.08567) (0.02691) (0.03758) (0.00225) (0.06528)
[-2.69211] [5.69407] [4.54788] [0.96431] [-0.63593] [0.57925] 0.070744 0.090125 1.378454 0.042872 -0.010116 0.093556 TDS(-1) (0.19492) (0.25519) (0.08015) (0.11194) (0.00671) (0.19444) [0.36294] [0.35316] [17.1975] [0.38300] [-1.50858] [0.48115] 0.153073 -0.169030 -0.346249 -0.097003 0.010048 -0.281230 TDS(-2) (0.30233) (0.39581) (0.12432) (0.17362) (0.01040) (0.30158) [0.50631] [-0.42705] [-2.78510] [-0.55872] [0.96607] [-0.93251] -0.099541 -0.073437 -0.042574 -0.016650 0.004297 0.017091 TDS(-3) (0.29177) (0.38199) (0.11998) (0.16755) (0.01004) (0.29105) [-0.34116] [-0.19225] [-0.35485] [-0.09937] [0.42808] [0.05872] -0.328432 0.647871 -0.295527 0.214564 -0.014765 0.639578 TDS(-4) (0.28865) (0.37790) (0.11870) (0.16576) (0.00993) (0.28794) [-1.13782] [1.71439] [-2.48978] [1.29442] [-1.48690] [2.22124] 0.255781 -0.655783 0.195081 -0.218066 0.011479 -0.585533 TDS(-5) (0.16645) (0.21792) (0.06845) (0.09559) (0.00573) (0.16604) [1.53669] [-3.00934] [2.85015] [-2.28137] [2.00476] [-3.52649] 0.040028 0.264619 -0.070120 0.832346 -0.001923 0.227332

TCS(-1) (0.19797) (0.25919) (0.08141) (0.11369) (0.00681) (0.19748)

[0.20219] [1.02096] [-0.86133] [7.32127] [-0.28242] [1.15114]

0.073250 0.056554 -0.020143 0.121491 -0.001157 -0.024435 TCS(-2) (0.18903) (0.24748) (0.07773) (0.10855) (0.00650) (0.18857)

71

TABLEAU A.11 - Estimation du modèle VAR ( suite )

Vector Autoregression Estimates

Date : 06/21/18 Time : 12 :32

Sample (adjusted) : 1971Q3 2016Q4

Included observations : 182 after adjustments

Standard errors in ( ) & t-statistics in []

Response of VRS :

VRS TIS TDS TCS RS MMS

[0.38750] [0.22852] [-0.25913] [1.11917] [-0.17790] [-0.12958]

0.011396 0.001179 -0.022012 0.031689 -0.000733 0.000355

TCS(-3) (0.19068) (0.24964) (0.07841) (0.10950) (0.00656) (0.19021)

[0.05976] [0.00472] [-0.28073] [0.28940] [-0.11170] [0.00187]

0.433742 0.051347 0.184760 -0.605463 0.028084 -0.580658

TCS(-4) (0.18800) (0.24614) (0.07731) (0.10796) (0.00647) (0.18754)

[2.30708] [0.20861] [2.38986] [-5.60800] [4.34232] [-3.09617]

-0.397246 -0.145052 -0.100068 0.503900 -0.019760 0.648394

TCS(-5) (0.17332) (0.22691) (0.07127) (0.09953) (0.00596) (0.17289)

[-2.29202] [-0.63926] [-1.40407] [5.06283] [-3.31409] [3.75035]

0.168359 -0.044928 -0.204881 -0.771692 0.782623 -1.646682

RS(-1) (2.23908) (2.93142) (0.92074) (1.28582) (0.07703) (2.23356)

[0.07519] [-0.01533] [-0.22252] [-0.60016] [10.1603] [-0.73725]

-1.054712 -1.599954 -0.269126 -0.558664 0.185131 0.380712

RS(-2) (2.59766) (3.40087) (1.06819) (1.49174) (0.08936) (2.59125)

[-0.40602] [-0.47045] [-0.25195] [-0.37451] [2.07167] [0.14692]

-0.538749 0.100362 -0.197574 0.055526 0.029284 0.593529

RS(-3) (2.63489) (3.44960) (1.08350) (1.51312) (0.09064) (2.62838)

[-0.20447] [0.02909] [-0.18235] [0.03670] [0.32307] [0.22582]

-0.440257 -9.768578 -0.373935 -9.317437 -0.379220 -5.158538

RS(-4) (2.58247) (3.38097) (1.06194) (1.48301) (0.08884) (2.57609)

[-0.17048] [-2.88928] [-0.35212] [-6.28278] [-4.26856] [-2.00247]

0.079174 8.098247 0.766023 7.213793 0.299448 3.724802

RS(-5) (2.35853) (3.08779) (0.96985) (1.35441) (0.08114) (2.35271)

72

TABLEAU A.11 - Estimation du modèle VAR ( suite)

Vector Autoregression Estimates

Date: 06/21/18 Time: 12 :32

Sample (adjusted): 1971Q3 2016Q4

Included observations: 182 after adjustments

Standard errors in ( ) & t-statistics in []

Response of VRS :

VRS TIS TDS TCS RS MMS

[0.03357] [2.62267] [0.78983] [5.32614] [3.69067] [1.58320]

-0.152664 -0.257331 0.112412 -0.011043 0.000135 0.722548

MMS(-1) (0.15143) (0.19826) (0.06227) (0.08696) (0.00521) (0.15106) [-1.00813] [-1.29797] [1.80519] [-0.12698] [0.02593] [4.78320] -0.013672 0.013943 0.027981 0.001374 0.000547 0.099423

MMS(-2) (0.13904) (0.18203) (0.05718) (0.07985) (0.00478) (0.13870) [-0.09833] [0.07660] [0.48938] [0.01721] [0.11437] [0.71683] -0.005144 0.010646 0.020457 0.002769 0.000669 0.030723

MMS(-3) (0.14001) (0.18330) (0.05757) (0.08040) (0.00482) (0.13966) [-0.03674] [0.05808] [0.35534] [0.03444] [0.13894] [0.21998] -0.040148 -0.083835 -0.148420 0.010388 -0.014989 -0.613733

MMS(-4) (0.13861) (0.18147) (0.05700) (0.07960) (0.00477) (0.13827) [-0.28964] [-0.46197] [-2.60388] [0.13050] [-3.14334] [-4.43861] -0.112101 -0.013417 0.165022 -0.006441 0.009607 0.474086

MMS(-5) (0.14683) (0.19223) (0.06038) (0.08432) (0.00505) (0.14646) [-0.76349] [-0.06980] [2.73320] [-0.07639] [1.90202] [3.23688] 0.016093 0.102065 0.014420 0.059564 -0.000364 0.057676

C (0.02918) (0.03820) (0.01200) (0.01676) (0.00100) (0.02911)

[0.55154] [2.67180] [1.20180] [3.55472] [-0.36241] [1.98154]

73

TABLEAU A.12 - Test de causalité au sens de Granger

Date: 06/21/18 Time: 12 :56 Sample: 1970Q1 2016Q4 Lags: 5

 
 
 

Null Hypothesis:

Obs

F-Statistic

Prob.

TIS does not Granger Cause VRS
VRS does not Granger Cause TIS

182

13.5742

6.73859

4.E-11
9.E-06

TDS does not Granger Cause VRS
VRS does not Granger Cause TDS

182

1.38467

6.33991

0.2323
2.E-05

TCS does not Granger Cause VRS
VRS does not Granger Cause TCS

182

9.86178

0.60493

3.E-08

0.6962

RS does not Granger Cause VRS
VRS does not Granger Cause RS

182

0.31041

0.02932

0.9062

0.9996

MMS does not Granger Cause VRS
VRS does not Granger Cause MMS

182

7.59835

8.16178

2.E-06
6.E-07

TDS does not Granger Cause TIS
TIS does not Granger Cause TDS

182

7.36370

18.5546

3.E-06
1.E-14

TCS does not Granger Cause TIS
TIS does not Granger Cause TCS

182

2.83335

0.96355

0.0174

0.4417

RS does not Granger Cause TIS
TIS does not Granger Cause RS

182

2.47835

0.19519

0.0339

0.9640

MMS does not Granger Cause TIS
TIS does not Granger Cause MMS

182

4.10952

4.48305

0.0015

0.0007

TCS does not Granger Cause TDS
TDS does not Granger Cause TCS

182

7.68334

0.93976

2.E-06

0.4567

RS does not Granger Cause TDS
TDS does not Granger Cause RS

182

1.30571

0.95560

0.2638

0.4467

MMS does not Granger Cause TDS
TDS does not Granger Cause MMS

182

14.3715

1.60435

1.E-11

0.1614

RS does not Granger Cause TCS
TCS does not Granger Cause RS

182

13.6151

1.13632

3.E-11

0.3431

MMS does not Granger Cause TCS
TCS does not Granger Cause MMS

182

0.95852

7.20017

0.4449
4.E-06

MMS does not Granger Cause RS
RS does not Granger Cause MMS

182

0.15433

1.29454

0.9785

0.2685

74

TABLEAU A.13 - Décomposition de la variance des variables de l'étude : VR

Period

S.E.

VRS

TIS

TDS

TCS

RS

MMS

1

0.206278

100.0000

0.000000

0.000000

0.000000

0.000000

0.000000

2

0.243863

98.63392

0.947975

0.020141

0.096704

0.008442

0.292816

3

0.269191

97.29051

1.431894

0.450792

0.132147

0.102586

0.592076

4

0.288563

95.78391

1.708878

1.232462

0.176985

0.288177

0.809592

5

0.303259

87.86390

7.846321

1.396197

1.173943

0.682249

1.037393

6

0.309351

85.02262

9.711541

1.438265

1.421213

1.107079

1.299282

7

0.315730

82.79582

11.03565

1.490993

1.571987

1.612076

1.493471

8

0.323762

80.66211

11.95328

2.150974

1.694020

1.887378

1.652239

9

0.339048

73.56690

15.88041

2.252337

2.382205

4.306643

1.611500

10

0.342713

72.01211

16.40678

2.351718

2.677949

4.968409

1.583030

TABLEAU A.14 - Décomposition de la variance des variables de l'étude : TIS

Period

S.E.

VRS

TIS

TDS

TCS

RS

MMS

1

0.270060

2.787195

97.21280

0.000000

0.000000

0.000000

0.000000

2

0.314241

2.585144

96.80065

0.036615

0.040050

0.036501

0.501040

3

0.339454

2.708984

95.78001

0.040874

0.205826

0.271172

0.993134

4

0.355854

2.805906

94.45385

0.238540

0.437440

0.574527

1.489740

5

0.393175

5.441111

85.44156

0.243125

0.748073

6.032255

2.093880

6

0.402763

5.827447

82.79969

0.240224

0.793935

8.341058

1.997647

7

0.411925

6.419896

80.52618

0.348660

0.764387

9.982816

1.958062

8

0.421455

7.062667

78.17377

0.532586

0.822381

11.36619

2.042410

9

0.437909

9.430347

73.51942

1.648217

1.680645

10.95957

2.761801

10

0.443214

9.775746

71.78025

2.932318

2.047631

10.73788

2.726166

TABLEAU A.15 - Décomposition de la variance des variables de l'étude : TDS

Period

S.E.

VRS

TIS

TDS

TCS

RS

MMS

1

0.084824

3.888885

12.03595

84.07516

0.000000

0.000000

0.000000

2

0.151080

4.150963

17.80335

77.61347

0.013263

0.005317

0.413642

3

0.213013

3.808540

22.17171

72.71696

0.078063

0.002737

1.221990

4

0.270437

3.302429

25.59472

68.54548

0.209207

0.025211

2.322957

5

0.298789

2.924812

23.11416

69.79332

0.835362

0.298381

3.033968

6

0.318854

4.064677

20.43522

69.14969

1.758718

0.770986

3.820705

7

0.337761

6.652519

18.47791

66.19605

2.884464

1.417499

4.371557

8

0.358799

10.09142

17.97352

61.26631

3.982011

2.171195

4.515545

9

0.374124

12.85060

16.53424

57.48833

5.455798

2.573707

5.097324

10

0.386456

14.29282

15.85093

54.35880

7.107529

3.020340

5.369583

75

TABLEAU A.16 - Décomposition de la variance des variables de l'étude : TCS

Period

S.E.

VRS

TIS

TDS

TCS

RS

MMS

1

0.118458

1.061253

32.06699

1.533406

65.33835

0.000000

0.000000

2

0.151071

1.452550

28.82333

1.837086

67.75182

0.131221

0.003992

3

0.175674

1.375491

26.77942

1.638210

69.63043

0.573431

0.003021

4

0.196432

1.289416

25.08438

1.339219

71.09265

1.190751

0.003586

5

0.215966

1.384064

20.88746

1.240761

60.07176

16.40940

0.006558

6

0.229839

1.419052

18.51444

1.113816

55.02390

23.88196

0.046830

7

0.244491

1.358601

16.49077

1.015017

49.88595

31.13488

0.114780

8

0.260223

1.251139

14.71335

0.958908

44.75394

38.12363

0.199034

9

0.267580

1.243766

16.28379

0.907293

44.18201

36.70286

0.680276

10

0.275366

1.250731

16.30936

1.164271

42.92262

37.53335

0.819673

TABLEAU A.17 - Décomposition de la variance des variables de l'étude: RS

Period

S.E.

VRS

TIS

TDS

TCS

RS

MMS

1

0.007096

0.026634

4.456496

3.682633

0.693781

91.14046

0.000000

2

0.008980

0.137944

4.735477

2.379185

0.936012

91.81121

0.000169

3

0.010630

0.159870

5.415282

1.709767

1.277352

91.43455

0.003175

4

0.012121

0.230441

6.108007

1.384206

1.684802

90.58531

0.007239

5

0.012567

0.433361

6.129989

1.806787

1.796800

88.57303

1.260030

6

0.013125

0.456148

6.300893

1.715680

1.650108

87.90850

1.968673

7

0.013555

0.526928

6.272925

1.634417

1.572344

87.10057

2.892818

8

0.013939

0.581875

6.128426

1.576522

1.554697

86.09235

4.066134

9

0.014196

0.620735

5.984099

1.571035

1.669914

86.20206

3.952153

10

0.014389

0.651081

5.841018

1.690809

1.654015

86.08881

4.074262

TABLEAU A.18 - Décomposition de la variance des variables de l'étude: MMS

Period

S.E.

VRS

TIS

TDS

TCS

RS

MMS

1

0.205769

45.05206

22.33744

0.827620

12.97809

1.158503

17.64629

2

0.257251

42.55796

21.12615

1.253875

17.10090

0.776714

17.18440

3

0.291948

41.03882

19.89254

1.060133

20.44381

0.604770

16.95993

4

0.319676

39.76841

18.67965

0.905172

23.56299

0.525288

16.55849

5

0.336675

35.85466

23.37156

0.823784

21.42087

3.499591

15.02953

6

0.341863

34.89918

23.76431

0.800270

20.82646

5.023566

14.68622

7

0.347150

34.14924

23.82394

0.790320

20.21981

6.688275

14.32842

8

0.354125

33.45468

23.43513

0.857416

19.43118

8.975393

13.84620

9

0.374981

30.11675

24.99597

0.769101

21.77766

8.556637

13.78389

10

0.381736

29.10489

24.83174

0.919025

23.26016

8.388528

13.49565

76

TABLEAU A.19 - Fonction des réponses impulsives : VRS

Response of VRS :

Period

VRS

TIS

TDS

TCS

RS

MMS

1

0.206278

0.000000

0.000000

0.000000

0.000000

0.000000

2

0.126909

-0.023743

0.003461

-0.007583

-0.002241

-0.013196

3

0.108830

-0.021768

0.017739

-0.006185

-0.008326

-0.015966

4

0.096214

-0.019630

0.026450

-0.007184

-0.012869

-0.015655

5

-0.032363

0.076112

0.016055

0.030533

-0.019684

-0.016731

6

-0.023663

0.045583

0.009611

0.016746

-0.020785

-0.017010

7

-0.034208

0.041318

-0.010484

0.014386

-0.023400

-0.015665

8

-0.044906

0.039100

-0.027720

0.014445

-0.019271

-0.015593

9

-0.004027

-0.075667

-0.018288

-0.031028

-0.054518

-0.010980

10

-0.003421

-0.031858

-0.013153

-0.020171

-0.029746

0.002611

TABLEAU A.20 - Fonction des réponses impulsives : TIS

Response of TIS :

Period

VRS

TIS

TDS

TCS

RS

MMS

1

0.045086

0.266270

0.000000

0.000000

0.000000

0.000000

2

0.022803

0.157126

0.006013

0.006289

-0.006004

-0.022243

3

0.023849

0.121564

-0.003308

0.014058

-0.016626

-0.025488

4

0.020776

0.096139

-0.015968

0.017798

-0.020373

-0.027242

5

-0.069700

-0.111678

0.008589

0.024545

-0.092723

-0.036747

6

-0.032279

-0.047272

-0.003721

0.011467

-0.064851

-0.001919

7

-0.037951

-0.048196

-0.014210

-0.003021

-0.058381

0.009052

8

-0.040640

-0.047085

-0.018825

-0.012795

-0.057009

0.017474

9

0.074425

0.046134

-0.047060

-0.041978

0.028765

0.040845

10

0.033456

0.004489

-0.050985

-0.028275

0.008764

0.007687

TABLEAU A.21 - Fonction des réponses impulsives : TDS

Response of TDS :

Period

VRS

TIS

TDS

TCS

RS

MMS

1

-0.016728

0.029428

0.077777

0.000000

0.000000

0.000000

2

-0.025839

0.056547

0.108009

0.001740

0.001102

0.009717

3

-0.027940

0.077438

0.123611

0.005692

-0.000168

0.021449

4

-0.026214

0.093052

0.130907

0.010844

-0.004147

0.033830

5

0.013995

0.043773

0.110346

0.024347

-0.015746

0.031775

6

0.039004

0.011869

0.089415

0.032284

-0.022748

0.034291

7

0.058795

-0.017436

0.072216

0.038764

-0.028866

0.033208

8

0.073499

-0.045371

0.057918

0.042845

-0.034322

0.028740

9

0.070679

0.002052

0.039917

0.050101

-0.028412

0.036352

10

0.057959

0.023029

0.026799

0.054576

-0.030140

0.029744

77

TABLEAU A.22 - Fonction des réponses impulsives : TCS

Response of TCS :

Period

VRS

TIS

TDS

TCS

RS

MMS

1

-0.012203

0.067080

0.014669

0.095752

0.000000

0.000000

2

-0.013513

0.045591

0.014286

0.079336

-0.005472

-0.000955

3

-0.009643

0.041064

0.009290

0.077628

-0.012125

0.000145

4

-0.008546

0.037610

0.003343

0.077089

-0.016807

0.000672

5

0.012166

-0.007952

-0.007872

0.024222

-0.084818

0.001294

6

0.010202

0.006188

-0.003111

0.032385

-0.070444

0.004656

7

0.007905

0.008776

-0.004283

0.027435

-0.077429

0.006624

8

0.005925

0.010287

-0.006527

0.022043

-0.084881

0.008134

9

-0.006580

0.041179

-0.000526

0.036444

-0.021517

0.018769

10

-0.007607

0.026605

-0.015271

0.030215

-0.046706

0.011596

TABLEAU A.23 - Fonction des réponses impulsives : RS

Response of RS :

Period

VRS

TIS

TDS

TCS

RS

MMS

1

0.000116

-0.001498

0.001362

-0.000591

0.006775

0.000000

2

0.000313

-0.001255

0.000253

-0.000637

0.005305

1.17E-05

3

0.000263

-0.001517

0.000115

-0.000830

0.005411

-5.87E-05

4

0.000397

-0.001690

0.000319

-0.001016

0.005457

-8.40E-05

5

0.000588

-0.000841

-0.000905

0.000602

0.002606

-0.001407

6

0.000318

-0.001083

-0.000319

6.85E-05

0.003397

-0.001184

7

0.000427

-0.000820

-0.000218

0.000216

0.002934

-0.001387

8

0.000403

-0.000618

-0.000246

0.000363

0.002693

-0.001608

9

0.000347

-0.000389

0.000320

-0.000587

0.002536

-0.000252

10

0.000312

-0.000184

0.000579

-0.000243

0.002127

-0.000686

TABLEAU A.24 - Fonction des réponses impulsives : MMS

Response of MMS :

Period

VRS

TIS

TDS

TCS

RS

MMS

1

-0.138114

0.097252

0.018720

0.074129

0.022148

0.086438

2

-0.095334

0.067254

0.021895

0.076302

0.004847

0.062456

3

-0.082551

0.054536

0.008590

0.078153

-0.001204

0.055527

4

-0.075243

0.046196

-0.004629

0.081576

-0.004619

0.049659

5

0.000971

-0.086038

0.002957

-0.014176

-0.058566

-0.010698

6

0.012063

-0.035802

-0.001232

0.007706

-0.043638

0.011307

7

0.019170

-0.030619

0.004142

0.005250

-0.046789

0.010188

8

0.028273

-0.026033

0.011081

-0.000216

-0.056527

0.009805

9

0.019839

0.075883

-0.002489

0.079083

0.027856

0.044920

10

0.008068

0.032226

-0.016056

0.057216

-0.013873

0.016870

78

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