SUMMARY
In Burkina Faso, diarrhea ranks third in terms of morbidity
and mortality among children less than 5 years. Different demographic and
health surveys have highlighted a regional disparity of diarrheal morbidity.
This study aimed to improve knowledge on acute childhood diarrhea less than 05
years in a hospital setting in 03 Regional Hospital Centers (RHC) of Burkina
Faso.
It was conducted retrospectively by analyzing records of
children less than 05 years admitted from 2008 to 2011, in Pediatric services
of the Regional Hospital Centres of Ouahigouya, Fada and Gaoua.
Children under 05 years hospitalized for acute diarrhea
accounted for 15.3% of hospitalized. Males (57.9%) and the age of 0-35 months
(92.9%) were the most affected. There has been an increase in the proportion of
cases of acute diarrhea following the onset of the rainy season in the 03 HRC
and fewer cases during the dry season, with peaks. In order of importance,
vomiting (64.7%), fever (60.2%) and dehydration (34.4%) were associated with
acute diarrhea. The 0 to 11 months followed by 12 to 35 months have been the
most affected by these different signs. Malaria was the first disease
associated with acute diarrhea with 44%, it was the most found in the age group
of 36 to 59 months. Acute Respiratory Infections were found in 38.5%, they most
concerned the 0-11 months. No virus cases. The prescription of Oral Rehydration
Salts (ORS) was made in 30.3% of cases, the antibiotic in 85.9% of the cases.
Penicillin and cephalosporin A as well as gentamycin were most used. Diarrhea
mortality for children under 05 years accounted for 19.4% of intra-hospital
mortality. Malnourished represented 15.0% of deaths. The rate of
hospitalization for diarrhea varied between 37% and 61% within 03 RHC.
The development and dissemination of a protocol for the
management of acute childhood diarrhea are a must on the one hand to increase
the prescription of the ORS-zinc and secondly to rationalize antimicrobial
prescribing in order to avoid the emergence of resistance to
«entéropahogènes.».
Keywords: Diarrhea - Child - Burkina
Faso Hospital
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