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International humanitarian food aid in the north-south cooperation: the case of cameroon( Télécharger le fichier original )par Alain Christian Essimi Biloa La Sapienza University of Rome - Italy - Master 2014 |
C- The rest of donorsCanada was the second largest food aid donor in absolute terms until the rise of European food aid in the late 1960s. Of the top six donors, Japan provided a significant share of programme food aid; the others (Australia, Saudi Arabia or the Russian Federation) contributed primarily to emergencies and projects.
Table 6: Other donors' 2011 contribution to WFP. Source: WFP 64 International humanitarian food aid in the North-South cooperation: the case of Cameroon 2014 II- The recipient countries The human and natural crises faced by many countries are the main reason why food aid is provided. Except of the US and European countries which receive other forms of IFA, the rest of the world benefit of food aid. At the top of the list, there is the African continent, followed by the Asian countries and then Latin American countries. A- The African continentMore than half of the 97 million people assisted By WFP in 2012 were in Africa. These people included: - small-scale farmers; - refugees, returnees and internally displaced persons (IDPs); - children in schools and pre-schools; - malnourished women and children requiring therapeutic feeding; - children, pregnant women and nursing mothers at risk of malnutrition; - communities in need of socio-economic infrastructure and training; - families affected by HIV and AIDS.
Southern Africa: 7.0 million East and Central Africa: 28.2 million North Africa: 0.9 million West Africa: 18.1 million Figure 5: WFP 2012 beneficiaries in Africa by region. Source: WFP 65 International humanitarian food aid in the North-South cooperation: the case of Cameroon 2014 As it is noted in the previous figure, the East and the Central regions of Africa are the great theatre of WFP interventions in this continent. The Great Lakes sub-region and some Central African countries have armed conflict crises, provoking flows of refugees and IDP who need help and assistance.
In 2012, WFP provided assistance for around 97 million people, distributing 3.5 million metric tons of food in 80 countries. Around 1.6 million metric tons of this was shipped to Africa, to 34 ports - that's nearly 75 per cent of the total amount of food WFP transported by sea. During the Sahel crisis, WFP mobilized logistics networks made up of sea ports, locally-contracted transporters, WFP-owned regional fleets, national train networks, airlifts and river barges to reach more than 5 million people spread across eight countries. WFP devotes a higher proportion of its resources to Africa than any other United Nations agency. In 2012, WFP dedicated 66 per cent of all its operational expenditure to its work in Africa.
International humanitarian food aid in the North-South cooperation: the case of Cameroon 2014 The United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot (UNHRD) Network continued to be a vital tool in supporting the humanitarian community's emergency preparedness and response. Through its depot in Accra (City capital of Ghana), UNHRD dispatched medicines, supplementary food to combat malnutrition and shelter items intended for emergency interventions during the Sahel crisis in countries such as Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Burkina Faso. In total last year, 80 shipments were sent from UNHRD Ghana to 17 countries in Africa, representing some 1,300 metric tons of cargo valued at over US$6.4 million. WFP, as the lead agency of the Logistics Cluster, supported the operational activities of over 100 humanitarian organizations in Africa during 2012. Coordination and, where needed, common logistics services were provided in Somalia, South Sudan, the Central African Republic (CAR), Mali, Mauritania and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Logistics Cluster facilitated storage, provided cargo tracking support, coordinated road, river and air transport, and supported infrastructure assessments, as well as road and airstrip rehabilitation. WFP supports national governments to design and implement sustainable school meals programmes, aiming to improve not only nutritional and education outcomes of school children, but also to buttress broader safety net systems, and protect and stabilize lives and livelihoods in fragile settings, especially for vulnerable young girls.
Table 9: WFP-supported children in school meals
programmes
Year
Girls Boys 66 2006 5,3 4,8 2007 5,4 4,6 2008 5,7 5,1 2009 5,6 4,9 2010 5,9 5,4 2011 5,7 5,4 2012 6 5,7 (in millions) In 2012, 11.7 million children benefited from take-home rations, which help keep children in school, especially girls in the higher grades. 67 International humanitarian food aid in the North-South cooperation: the case of Cameroon 2014
68 International humanitarian food aid in the North-South cooperation: the case of Cameroon 2014 |
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