Evaluation du potentiel ovarien pour la production in vitro d'ovocytes fécondables dans le plateau de l'Adamaoua

CONCLUSION

Les ovaires récoltés à la suite des abattages constituent une importante source d'ovocytes. La population folliculaire ovarienne ainsi que la qualité des ovocytes sont d'une grande importance pour la production in vitro d'embryons. Dans cette étude, il était question d'évaluer le potentiel ovarien des zébus pour la productionn in vitro d'ovocytes fécondables à partir des ovaires récoltés à l'abattoir. Les vaches et les ovaires ont été caractérisés, la population folliculaire, le rendement et la qualité ovocytaire déterminés. L'effet des facteurs ovariens et non ovariens sur la population folliculaire, le rendement et la qualité ovocytaire a été évalué. Les résultats montrent que l'âge, l'état corporel et l'état de gravidité des vaches donneuses ainsi que le volume et le poids des ovaires influencent la population folliculaire, le rendement et la qualité ovocytaires. Les ovocytes cultivables (I et II) récoltés représentent 57,15 %. Ce résultat indique que les ovaires des zébus de races locales élevés au Cameroun possèdent un potentiel moyen pour la production in vitro d'embryon. Afin d'optimiser la réussite de la maturation et de la fécondation in vitro des ovocytes, les études futures doivent tenir compte de certains facteurs qui influencent le rendement et la qualité des ovocytes à savoir : l'âge des vaches donneuses (< 10 ans), la note d'état corporel (= 3), l'état de non gravidité, le poids (> 3 g) et le volume (> 2,25x1,75x1,25 cm³) des ovaires. Ce travail constitue une phase préliminaire de la 2^e génération des biotechnologies de l'embryon. Nos perspectives sont celles de :

- réaliser toutes les étapes de la production in vitro d'embryon : la capacitation des spermatozoïdes ; la fécondation des ovocytes maturés ; le développement des oeufs jusqu'au stade blastocyste ;

- utiliser cette technique pour multiplier et préserver les races camerounaises en voie d'extinctions telles que les taurins Namchi et Kapsiki.

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