Linguistic and Cultural Knowledge as Prequisites to Learning Professional Translation

APPENDIX C

RAW DATA OF THE EX POST FACTO STUDY

1. Translation means

2. Language means

3. Culture means

Table 1: Individual Means of ^2n' 3^rd Years Scores in Arabic-English-

Arabic Translation Exams.

Group A		Group B
Student	Mean	Student	Mean
1	16	23	7,25
2	15	24	7,5
3	15	25	7,75
4	14,88	26	8
5	14,5	27	8,12
6	14,5	28	8,25
7	14,38	29	8,25
8	14,25	30	8,25
9	14,25	31	8,25
10	13,88	32	8,38
11	13,7	33	8,75
12	13,5	34	8,75
13	13,5	35	8,88
14	13,5	36	8,88
15	13,38	37	9
16	13,25	38	9,12
17	13	39	9,12
18	13	40	9,25
19	12,88	41	9,25
20	12,73	42	9,38
21	12,5	43	9,38
22	12,10	44	9,5

Table2: Individual Means of Scores in English and Arabic Baccalaureate Exams.

Group A		Group B
Student	Mean	Student	Mean
1	15,75	23	8,25
2	15,5	24	8,5
3	14,75	25	6
4	13	26	11
5	16,25	27	8,5
6	15,5	28	11,75
7	16,75	29	11
8	15,25	30	9,25
9	12,75	31	9,75
10	12,75	32	11
11	15,75	33	11,25
12	15,25	34	10,75
13	12,5	35	8,14
14	12,25	36	11,5
15	12,5	37	14
16	13,25	38	8,75
17	14,25	39	10,13
18	12,25	40	12,5
19	9,5	41	11,5
20	13,75	42	12,75
21	13,25	43	11,75
22	13	44	12

Table 3: Individual Culture Means

Group A		Group B
Student	Mean	Student	Mean
1	11,39	23	11,40
2	16,67	24	11,82
3	10,52	25	13,07
4	11,66	26	11,37
5	9,01	27	8,25
6	9,39	28	8,98
7	9,27	29	8,105
8	9,67	30	11,06
9	12,77	31	11,70
10	8,63	32	12,20
11	8,68	33	11,69
12	10,93	34	11,86
13	12,73	35	8,7
14	12,05	36	12,79
15	13,39	37	8,21
16	11,90	38	10,98
17	8,23	39	10,23
18	13,31	40	10,87
19	10,19	41	11,86
20	11,44	42	12,33
21	8,64	43	11,65
22	12,21	44	12,43

APPENDIX D

TESTS

1. Arabic test

2. English test

3. Translation exam

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I- ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Text

For hundreds of millions of years the North American continent was there; but no species of man had ever trod it before the ancestors of the Indians arrived tens of thousands of years ago. (...) Surprisingly, a good deal is known about them from archeological investigations. They brought only meager cultural baggage with them when they migrated to North America: a social organization at the level of the small band, crude stone tools, no pottery, no agriculture, no domesticated animals except possibly the dog. Most of what the Indian would become he would invent for himself in the New World, for once he arrived in North America he was in most part isolated from the Old World. He could evolve unfettered his social and political institutions, his religion and laws and arts.

Peter FARB, Man's Rise to Civilisation.

Questions

1. Did the Indians bring civilization with them to North America?

2. Did the Indians receive help from the Old World in building their cultures? Why?

3. Find in the text words that are close in meaning to: research, develop, create, probably.

4. "Most of what the Indian would become he would invent for himself in the New World, for once he arrived in North America he was in most part isolated from the Old World."

- Replace the underlined "for" by another word without changing the meaning of the sentence.

5. The author said, "They brought only meager cultural baggage with them when they migrated to North America".

- Report this sentence into the indirect speech.

- What are the tenses used in both sentences?

II- CULTURE

1. Give the names of two American actors, or the titles of three American Films.

2. Who is Winston Churchill?

3. On September the 1 l^th 2001, two buildings collapse. What is their name?

4. What is the name of the biggest river in England?

5. What is the name of the British currency (money)?

6. Name two political parties in the USA.

First Term Exam

Translate the first text into Arabic and the second one into English. TEXT 1:

The blazing sun had disappeared behind the high mountains, but Jasmine Valley still remained wrapped in a blanket of the steaming summer heat. For the people living alongside the Pearl River, day began at the paling of the stars and ended at the appearance of the moon. Most of the villagers had already eaten their last meal of the day, and in front of their grassroofed houses they gathered under the graying sky, relaxing before going to sleep. Some of them were leaning against tall trees, while the others sat on the tree roots, waving their straw fans, chatting and breathing in the perfume of the night-blooming j asmine that grew throughout the valley.

BEZINE ching yun, Children of the Pearl, Signet Book, New York, 1991

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APPENDIX B

TRANSLATIONS

1. "(...) to the one who assimilates as to the one who speaks, this idea must come out from his own inner strength: all what the former receives consists solely in the harmonie excitement that makes him be in such or such a state of mind."

2. " Words, even the most concrete and the clearest ones, are far from arousing the ideas, the emotions and the memories presumed by the one who utters them."

3. "(...) two languages (...) never store up the same stock of experiences, images, ways of life and thought, myths and world views."

4. "(...) every language includes (...) one system of concepts that, precisely because they overlap, unite and complement each other within the same language, form one whole whose different parts do not correspond to any of those of other languages' systems. (...) For even what is absolutely universal, though beyond the domain of particularity, is enlightened and coloured by language."

5. "Two different languages are, then, like synonyms: each expresses the same concept a little differently, with more or less concomitant determination, a little higher or a little lower on the scale of sensations."

6. "I establish correspondences -- that are not coincidencesbetween the representations conveyed by different languages, between the organisation of concepts in different languages."

7. "The translator does not choose the subject to deal with. Someone has already done it for him, and he never knows to which of the target language's resources he should have recourse to in order to render a thought he has not freely conceived, but received already done with."

8. "It is in his own language that the translator has the most of difficulty."

9. "A good translator should know the language of the author he translates well, but he should know his own even better, I mean: not only being able to write correctly in it, but also knowing its subtleties, its flexibilities, its hidden resources."

10."Translation is not difficult except when one has learned a language otherwise than through direct practice in situation of communication."

11."Linguistics formulates this observation saying that languages are not universal tracings of a universal reality, but every language corresponds to a particular organisation of human experience data -- every language cuts out non-linguistic experience in its own way."

12."The translator must not only be a good linguist, but also an excellent ethnographer, which implies that he know all, not only of the language he translate from, but also of the people using it."

13."The translator should either leave the writer alone and make the reader go to meet him, or leave the reader alone and make the writer go to meet him."

14."All the difficulty of the translator's task consists precisely of struggling to provide the reader with an idea of the inaccessible things a text in a foreign language talks about, and that refer to a culture that is usually stranger, either entirely or partially."

15."(...) aim to make sure that every candidate has achieved a level of knowledge in French and English that is adequate for them to enter a translation course."

APPENDIX A

THE ESTABLISHED TRANSLATION STUDENTS'
SELECTION SYSTEM