2.4. Conclusion.
This chapter highlighted some theoretical concepts that are
relevant to my research. It started
with a definition of forced migration by focusing on
international conventions relating to the status of refugees (the 1951 UN
Convention and the OUA Convention of 1969). Then, I presented a range
of the literature reviewed on the concept of justice, social justice and
the
`just city'. Such a city is a planning concept that promotes a
more inclusive, multiculturalist, and socially just country, where all
residents, regardless of their social, cultural and national backgrounds, can
live together and share equally in the benefits of their city. Possibilities
for intercultural planning policies, and the values of such policies, were
discussed.
This chapter also defined CSOs as social actors of change and as
a possible counter-power to
the state. It examined power relations between
planning, civil society, and politics. The conclusion which emerged from
this examination is that civil society, in particular, needs to become more
vocal and effective in challenging existing exclusionary migration policies
in
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