Abstract
Nowadays, buying a plane ticket often looks like buying a
ticket to happiness. Travel in general is widely associated with this mean of
transport which has been, during this last century, enabling millions of people
to discover distant territories, which were, until then, reachable in several
days.
Before that, one of the oldest human dream became true :
Flying . Flying always farther, faster,safer and ever more numerous. The
development of air traffic deeply upsets the 21st Century in terms of trade as
of tourism.
But today, alarming reports about global warming and
biodiversity's erosion are challenging many activities associated to
globalization. The inaction of governments and the maintenance of an economic
model based on infinite growth in a finite world are denounced by people
protesting and by media.
It is thus, quite obvious that the place, as an object of
fascination, finds itself propelled as a symbol of « always more
».
Pollution generated by air traffic and forecasts of growth has
raised a radical reaction for some, and thus gave rise to the « Flyqskam
movement » : the shame of flying. This movement has even led to a first :
the decline in air traffic in Sweden.
So what about today, would we attend an air transport boycott ?
Could the institution be shaken ?
The following work looks at a current media topic of this
summer 2019. It provides to have a closer look to the Flygskam movement,
recently born in Sweden and starting to spread throughout Europe, and study how
people said «no flights »?
In this context, air transport issues seem going heavier. For
now, equipment improvements and carbon
offsetting are the only concrete answers provided by the
sector.
How can the latter consider its transition without seriously wonder
about its activities ? The following report tries to answer the matter.
Table des matières
Introduction 1
I. Contextualisation 4
A. La conquête du ciel 4
1. Voler ou le rêve d'Icare : approche symbolique 4
2. Historique de la conquête du ciel 5
3. Développement du trafic aérien et des
aménagement associés 9
a) Le fret aérien 9
b) Les voyageurs 11
c) Les aménagements : les aéroports 12
4. Organisation générale 14
a) L'espace Aérien 14
b) Les compagnies aériennes 16
c) Les taxes 16
B. Le voyage en avion 18
1. L'avion comme véhicule vers l'exotisme 18
2. Les destinations touristiques redéfinies par l'avion
20
3. L'évolution du trafic aérien et
l'avènement du low-cost 23
a) Fonctionnement du low-cost 23
b) Une réelle démocratisation ? 25
4. Les impacts des voyages en avion 26
a) Les impacts environnementaux 26
b) Les impacts sociaux 27
II. Une remise en question 29
A. Limiter l'impact de l'avion 29
1. Les perspectives techniques et économiques 29
III.
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a) Les moteurs propres
b) Les bio carburants
c) La compensation carbone
29
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30
32
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2.
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La voix des pouvoirs publics
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34
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B.
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Ne plus voler
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37
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1.
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Idéologie
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37
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2.
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Diffusion du mouvement
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38
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a) La communauté scientifique
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38
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b) Les sports de nature
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39
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c) Les jeunes générations
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40
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d) Les mouvements citoyens
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40
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C.
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Exemples concrets : ceux qui le font déjà
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44
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1.
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La presse spécialisée
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44
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2.
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Les voyageurs
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45
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D.
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Analyse
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46
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Etude de cas Agence Allibert :
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49
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A.
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Présentation générale d'Allibert trekking
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49
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1.
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L'entreprise : histoire et activités
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49
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2.
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Clientèle
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50
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3.
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Le label ATR
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52
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4.
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La compensation carbone volontaire
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53
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B.
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Le tourisme aérien en question
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54
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1.
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Note méthodologique :
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54
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2.
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Positionnement du groupe Voyageurs du Monde
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55
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3.
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Constat
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57
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a) Des voyages au long court
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57
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b) La destination avant tout
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57
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c) Tourisme responsable
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57
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4. Perception des changements 59
a) Au sein d'ATR 59
b) Sur les réseaux sociaux 59
c) En interne 60
5. Perspectives et propositions 61
a) Des voyages plus longs 61
b) Limiter les préacheminements 61
c) Renforcer l'offre locale 62
d) Se passer de l'avion : enjeux 63
C. Prospective 64
IV. Bibliographie 68
V. Table des illustrations 70
VI. Webographie 71
VII. Annexes 75
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