APPENDIX C
Semi- structured interview
for lecturers
1. Do you ever watch TV?
2. What are your favourite programmes ?
3. Do you ever watch English programmes on TV?
4. Which English programmes do you like to watch?
5. What kind of interest do you have in these programmes?
6. Do you ever use TV while teaching English?
7. Do you think TV can be a valuable teaching tool while teaching
languages?
8. How would you organise your English class as far as using TV
materials is concerned?
9. Do you think TV materials can improve your learners' listening
skills?
10. .Do you think TV materials can help learners improve their
speaking skills?
11. Do you have anything to add on this topic?
APPENDIX D
Extracts from transcripts of
interviews with lecturers
Interview with Lecturer No 1
P stands for Pravda
L stands for lecturer
P: Good morning! I am conducting research on
the role of TV in Language teaching and I thought you can provide me with
better information or valuable information on this topic. This is why you have
been selected as one of the interviewees on this particular issue. Now I'd like
to know, do you ever watch TV?
L1: Yes, I do watch TV, after work.
P: Ok. What are your favourite programmes ?
L1: Well, I like many programmes especially
news and some magazines.
P: Good. Do you ever watch English programmes
on TV ?
L1: Yeah, most often.
P: Fine. Do you ever use TV while teaching
English?
L1: In the past, I used it but today it is
not the case today because our audiovisual is equipment broken.
P: Do you think TV can be a valuable
teaching tool while teaching languages?
L1: Yeah, a very valuable tool because the
understanding is better when students listen and watch at the same time. It is
universally known the understanding is better when you both listen and watch.
P: Ok, do you think TV materials can improve
your learners listening skills?
L1: Very much, especially when programmes are
interesting for students. Students are eager to follow and to understand the
program.
P: Right. As a lecturer, how would you
organise your English class as far as using TV materials is concerned?
L1: Yeah, normally you record the target
programme and then you let your students watch. Prior to watching, may be you
can make a kind of preview of the programme, then you set questions so that the
students watch while trying to find answers to those questions.
P: Good. Do you think TV materials or TV
programmes in general can help learners improve their speaking skills?
L1: Very much, because when they watch, they
see people, they hear people speaking so when they get out of this watching
session they will be trying to speak the way those in the programme were
speaking. So they imitate, outside they try to imitate the accent of the one in
the programme they were watching.
P: Ok. Do you have anything to add on this
topic?
L1: Yeah, what I may add is that TV is a very
interesting tool as far as English language teaching is concerned because TV
being a kind of new tool in our society everyone is eager to watch and students
especially and as I said before, the understanding is better when you watch and
listen, because the body has a language, what we call body language, when the
student does not get the meaning from words, he can get the meaning from the
language of the body. So, there is an association between this body language
and the verbal language. And when a student misses one language he gets the
meaning from the other language.
P: Thank you for your cooperation.
L1: Thank you.
Interview with lecturer No 2
P: Good morning!
L2: Good morning, how are you?
P: I am fine. I' m conducting research on
how TV materials can be integrated into the teaching and learning of English at
the NUR and I supposed you are one of the potential informants on this topic.
Now, I`d like to ask you some questions related to this issue. Before we embark
upon the matter, I'd like to know, do you ever watch TV?
L2: Sure. I do.
P: For how often?
L2: Eh I would say I watch TV on a daily
basis.
P: Ok. How long is your watching?
L2: Let's say, I may spend three to four
hours watching TV depending on news in Kinyarwanda, French or English.
P: Right. Do you ever watch English
programmes on TV?
L2: Sure, I do.
P: What kind of interest do you have in these
programmes?
L2: Ok I am particularly interested in news,
I've just told you, I also watch music, when I feel tired, just for
entertainment not for any other purpose. I also sometimes watch live events
that are transmitted live on TV like swearing in ceremonies, events like
soccer, or other celebrations which are transmitted live. I also sometimes
watch documentaries, it means something to do with history, with culture, with
science and technology, and with research. Mainly that`s where my interests
are.
P: Fine, did you ever use TV while teaching
English?
L2: I'd say I've never used TV so far.
P: Do you think TV can be a valuable teaching
tool, for instance while teaching English?
L2: Yeah. Sure, I think so.
P: What's your opinion about it?
L2: I think TV can be a valuable tool in
teaching English especially for listening and speaking. As regards listening
for instance, you can use TV if you have the programmes, video taped programmes
that you use in the classroom. This can help students to improve or to get
accustomed to various accents of English depending on the programmes developed
by Americans or British speakers. Then it can also help learners to improve
their speaking skills or their presentation skills if they refer to the models
they watch on TV. This can also help learners to improve their speaking when
for instance they are exposed to the kind of models, for instance they watch
people who debate, who discuss, then they may also be asked to be involved in
such activities as debates, discussions or role-plays or other situations. So,
TV can also be a valuable teaching tool in the sense that it can help them to
develop these performative skills: to speak, to use body language, to improve
on their accents, expressions and so forth.
P: Great, do you have anything to add?
L2: I don't think I have anything special to
say but what is important is to find out, to try to find out the material which
is adapted to the level of the learners. I want also to say that we can use TV
but everything depends on the material that you have in reach. Actually, what
we do so far remains at the level of plans, we plan to use TV but as you know
there is this problem of power cuts. So this is the thing that limits us to use
TV as a teaching material. Otherwise, I am still convinced that it can be a
valuable tool in teaching English.
P: Thank you for your answers.
L2: Thank you.
Interview with lecturer No 3
P: Good afternoon.
L3: Good afternoon.
P: I am conducting research on how TV
materials can be integrated into the teaching and learning of English at NUR.
And I `d like you to respond to some of my questions since I think you are one
of the potential informants in a better position to answer to questions on the
topic. Let me ask you some simple questions related to watching TV. Do you ever
watch TV?
L3 Yes, I do. Sometimes.
P: For how long for instance?
L3: Any way it depends upon the programme, if
the programme is interesting I follow it until the end but if it's not, if the
topics are not relevant I just switch the TV off. If I don't understand the
content I just leave the programme and I move to some other activities.
P: Fine. What English programmes do you like
to watch?
L3: Most of the time I follow news because I
am eager to know what happens around the world, what happens in the country,
what happens locally, so most of the time I follow news.
P: Well. Do you ever use TV while teaching
English?
L3: Yes I do. Sometimes.
P: Do you think TV can be a valuable teaching
tool?
L3: Yes, I think so but of course for certain
courses and not for others. Can I give examples?
P: Yes, you're welcome.
L3: Yes, I am going to give my case, let me
give my experience of last two years. I had an English class in EPLM and I only
used TV for listening English. Why did I choose to use TV? Because first of all
TV gives out authentic material and different reporters have got different
pronunciations. And of course we had to use, to follow news from different TV
stations if I can say. So, in order to vary the accents because the main
concern was to be able to follow each accent, so we could follow Deutch Welle,
and we have someone from Germany, we could follow BBC then we had someone from
UK, we could follow CNN, we had someone from America, so we had those different
pronunciations. And all those different stations have got different reporters.
So, it was a very good opportunity for my students and for me also to be
exposed to different accents and to know how we should adjust to each
situation.
P: Good, do you think TV materials can
improve your learners' speaking skills?
L3: Yes it does and for that case of last
years it did, because students had those TV presenters as models. So they could
imitate them, imitate their pronunciation and get exposed to ways of
pronouncing well known words.
P: Great, do you have anything to add?
L3: Well, I could just say that students
like that way of teaching. Why do they like it? They like using TV while
teaching because it's sort of recreation. They learn with out anxiety, they
feel at ease. You see you are the lecturer, instead of standing at the front of
students you are just part of the group and all of you follow the same
programme. So, if you ask them questions they are eager to respond. If the
programme ends you see that the students are not yet tired. It's not like in
the classroom when it's time for break, it's time for break but when they are
watching the TV materials they don't want to stop to go for break. But then for
this I can also mention one constraint. You see these problems of electricity,
so we might wish to follow one programme but for other reasons we don't manage
to. So this is the problem but otherwise apart from all those problems I feel
that and I believe that the use of TV as a resource for teaching , as a
teaching material , I feel and I believe that it is one of the best ways of
teaching and I am sure it can provide good material for English teaching. For
teaching languages, remember that students learn best when they are free from
anxiety; that way of teaching using TV provides relaxed atmosphere for the
students and they learn better.
P: Thank you for your answers.
L3: Ok, thank you too.
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