RESUME
.
·
L'un des defis auxquels Mum anite a, de tout temps, ete
confrontee est de preparer les enfants et les jeunes a entrer dans l'Age
adulte. Au cceur de ce defi, Ia sexualite hurnaine et les relations
interpersonnelles occupent une place centrale. Dans notre monde actuel
confronts aux IST/SIDA relever ce defi est pour nous, une occasion
extraordinaire de briser Ia trajectoire de l'epidemie.
Aujourd'hui, trop peu de jeunes regoivent une preparation
suffisante dans le dornaine de Ia sexuality, ce qui les rend vulnerables aux
aims, a !'exploitation, a des grossesses non desirees et a des 1ST, notamment
!Infection a V1H. Selon
(2009) : « 111 millions de nouveau cas &1ST curable
concernent les jeunes de 10 a 24ans. Par ailleurs, elle estime que dans les
pays en developpernent 2,5 millions de filler a'gees de 15 a 19ans avortent, Ia
moitie d'entre elles dans les conditions a risque, 11% des naissances dans le
monde sont le fait de mere adolescents une tranche &Age eau le taux de
mortalite nnaternelle est plus eleve que pour les femmes plus alees.
Face aux nornbreux cas d'IST/SIDA rencontre au cours de notre
formation a l'exemple de Mlle X Agee de 19ans, eleve en classe de
3ier" au Lycee de Bertoua Rural et interne au service de medecine de
l'Hopital Regional de Bertoua pour syphilis au Stade (III) avec ulceration
vulvaire, ce qui lui a value 3 semaines d'hospitalisation dans cette formation
hospitaliere. Conscient de cette situation nous nous sommes propose de rnener
une etude exploratoire sur le theme : 4 Prirention des infer/ions
sexuellement transmissibles en milieu svolaire Cas du lye& de Bertoua Rural
»
La question de recherche associee a ce theme etait
oQuelles sont les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des elves en matire
de prirention des 1ST ? »
Le but etait de: Contribuer a l'amiliaration de la prevention
des 1STSIDAen milieu sealaire.
Pour atteindre ce but, nous nous somrnes fixes les objectifs
suivants
· Explorer au moyen (Fun questionnaire les connaissances,
attitudes et pratiques des eleves dans Ia prevention des 1ST.
· Identifier les lacunes des eleves en matiere de
prevention des 1ST.
· Formuler a !'aide des resultats obtenus, des suggestions
en vue de perm ettre aux jeunes scolaires de preserver leer sante face aux
1ST.
Notre etude s'est deroulee at., Lycee de Bertoua rural situe
dans ('arrondissement de Bertoua premier, quartier Mokolo (IV). Nous nous
sommes a ppuye sur une population de 432 eleves taus sexes confondu ogee de 14a
ns et plus
et frequentant les classes de 3irn2 ,2nde
libr2.
Nous avons enquete sur un echantillon
de 200 eleves soft 4629 % de la population cible.
Nous avons merle notre enquete a
('aide d'un questionnaire elabore pa rtir de notre cadre de
reference. II a ensuite ete pre teste et valide par
notre coordonateur avant d'6tre so u mis en definitive aux
&eves.
Notre etude nous a permis d'obtenir les resultats dont les
plus significatifs sont les suiva nts
· 121 eleves soit 60,5% ont un age compris
entre de 14 et 17a ns.
N. Plus de deux tiers d'eleves interroges
(68%) ne save nt pas ce qu'est la sexualite. I Is
assimilent la sexualite au rapport sexuel et /ou a la fecondation et pourtant
ils sont 89% qui affirment avoir rebus une education a la sexualite.
IN- Pres d'un tiers des eleves pensent gulls peuvent
entretenir des rapports sexuels des l'Age de 15a ns ; Preuve
qu'ilsielles ne maitrisent pas les consequences !ides aux activites sexuelles
precoces.
4 49% soit 99 eleves affirment avoir déjà
entretenus des rapports sexuels et pourtant 61,5% soit 123 eleves Wont jamais
effectues de test de depistage ; ce qui est une preuve de negligence de leur
sante et celle de leur partenaire.
4 Seulement 45% d'eleves pensent que ('abstinence est le
meilleur moyen de prevenir les IST/SI DA,
Au vue de ces resultats, nous co nstato ns que, les eleves du
Lycee de Bertoua Rural presentent de nombreuses lacu nes en matiere de
prevention des IST/SIDA; pour l'essentiel nous avons
· L'insuffisa rice en matiere 'Ted ucation
a la sexualite.
e La maitrise insuffisante des consequences lides aux
activites sexuelles precoces.
e La negligence de leur sante et celle de
leur partenaire sexuel.
· Les limites de l'infirrnerie du lycee a
faire face au probleme.
Cette situation nous pousse a formuler les suggestions
suivantes
I) Aux niveaux des parents d'eleves.
II est necessaire que les parents se forment pour mieux
comprendre ('importance de reducation a la sexua lite, etre surtout attentif
lorsque ('enfant est en periode de puberte et surtout eviter toute frustration
qui bloquerait toute possibilite de dialogue.
ii) Aux niveaux des eleves.
Les eleves doivent savoir que la frequentation des lieux de
plaisir (boites de nuit, bars, hdteis...) represente un danger pour
eux a cause de nombreux derapages enregistres, ils doivent savoir dire NON aux
relations sexuelles precoces. Et avoir pour unique motivation l'accomplissement
de leers etudes.
iii) Au niveau du lycee.
Le proviseur du Lycee de Bertoua Rural et tout son staff doivent
organiser des activates de prevention et de sensibilisation sur les IST/SIDA
planifiees sur toute l'annee. Prendre des mesures incitatives pour interesser
davantage les eleves effectuer des tests de depistage volonta ire et
confidentiel. Ensuite former des leaders {pairs educateurs) pa rrni
les eleves.
iv) Au niveau des
formations sanitaires.
II est absolument necessaire que tons les personnels de sante
parlent systematiquement de la prevention des IST/SIDA aux adolescents recus en
consultation au sein des formations sanitaires pour n'importe quel motif ; ils
doivent profiter de ('occasion pour leer pa rler de la prevention des ISTISI
DA.
v) Au niveau du MINESEC
II est necessaire d'inserer ('education a la sexualite dans
les programmes de formation au meme titre que les autres matieres enseignees.
Mettre a la disposition de la communaute educative en general et le Lycee de
Bertoua Rural en particulier des depliants, des affiches, des
preservatifs et des kits de materiels audiovisuels pour ('education a la
sexualite.
vi) Au niveau du
MINSANTE.
II est necessaire de renforcer les capacites des personnels de
sante travaillant dans les lycees et colleges en les SOLI mettant regulierement
aux sessions de formation continue.
SU M MARY
One of the challenges that humanity has always been faced
with, is to prepare children and youth into adulthood. Sexuality and
interpersonal relationships play a key role among these challenges. in our
world today facing STIs/AIDS, taking up this challenge represents for us a
unique opportunity to put an end to the epidemic.
Nowadays, very few young people receive sufficient education
in the field of sexuality. This exposes them to abuses, exploitation, unwanted
pregnancies and STIs, including HIV infection. According to WHO (2009), 111
million new cases of curable STIs concern youths from 10 to 24. What's more,
this organization reveals that in developing countries, 2.5 million girls aged
between 15 to 19 years old abort, half of them in risky conditions; 11% of
births in the world are from adolescent mothers, an age range in which
mortality rate is higher than in older women.
Faced with h nume rous cases of STI/AIDS met during ou r tra
ining for example Miss X aged 19 years old, student in 3irle at
government high school of Bertoua Rural interned in t he medical ward of the
Bertoua Regional Hospital for syphilis at level {III) with ulceration of the
vulva, which earned him three weeks in this hospital. Recognizing this, we
proposed to conduct an exploratory study on the topic: "Prevention
of' sexually transmitted injections in schools milieu: Case
of,f,,overnment high school of Bertoua Rural".
The research question underlying this study was:
"What knowledge attitudes and practices of
students in terms of prevention of' STA?"
The goal was to empower these young students in preventing of
STI/AID5 infections.
To achieve this goal, we set t he following objectives:
· Explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of
students in the prevention of STIs through a questionnaire.
· Identify students' loopholes in the prevention of TIs.
· With the results, formulate suggestions for the young
students to enable them to safeguard their health against STIs.
Our study took place at the government high school of Bertoua
Rural, Located in Bertoua first subdivision, Kilo ko lo t l
neigh borhood. We relied on a population of 432 students both sexes aged 14 and
more attending classes 312r12 2rc2 and iier2.
We investigated a sample of 200 students representing 46.29%
of the target population.
Our investigation was carried out with a questionnaire
designed from our reference framework. This questionnaire was
pre-tested and validated by our coordinator before its
implementation at the level of the students.
Our study led to a number of conclusions, the
most significant of which are:
IP. 121 students corresponding to 50.5% were age
between 14 and 17.
IP- More than two thirds of students questioned
{68%) know nothing about
sexuality. They confuse sexuality and sexual
intercourses and/or fecundation;
paradoxically 89% of them claim having been
educated on sexuality.
IP' Nearly one third of students think
they can have sexual intercourse from the
age of 15 years; Proof that they doesn't master the consequences
of early sexual
activity.
4 99 students re presenting 49% claim they have had a sexual
intercourse. However 61.5% corresponding to 123 students say
they have never had any screening test. This is a proof that they neglect their
health and that of their partners.
4 Only 45% see abstinence as the best way of
preventing STIVAI DS.
In view of these results, we found that, students of
government high school of Bertoua Rural have many gaps in the prevention of
STI/AID S we can basically be summarized as follows:
· Lack of education about sexuality.
· Insufficient mastery of the consequences of early
sexual activity.
· Negligence of their health and that of their partners.
a Inefficiency of the infirmary of this school
to address the issue.
This situation leads us to the following suggestions:
i) At the level of parents
It is necessary for parents to better understand the role of the
importance of education to sexuality to sexual life. They
should also be attentive w hen t heir child
reaches puberty period so as to avoid all sort of frustration
that may block all communication.
ii) At the level of students.
Students should note that attendance at places of fun
(nightclubs, bars, hotels...) represents a danger to the m because of many skid
record, they must know how to say NO to early sexual
intercourse. And have for sole motivation, the completion of their studies.
iii) At the level of the school.
The principal of government high school of Bertoua Rural and
her entire staff should organize activities geared towards preventing
S.-Hs/AIDS throughout the school year. This school official should
also encourage students carry out voluntary and confidential screening tests
and train education peer among students.
iv) At the level of
medical institutions.
It is a bsolutely necessary for all health staff to
systematically take advantage of consultations to systematically talk to
adolescent about STIVAI DS and their prevention.
v) At the level of The
Ministry of secondary education.
It is necessary to insert education to sexual life among the
subjects in schools. The Ministry should also provide leaflets, posters,
condoms and audiovisual kits on education to sexuality.
vi) At the level of The Ministry of Public Health,
It is necessary to strengthen t he capacity of health personnel
working in schools by subjecting t hem to regular training sessions.
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