3.4.3 Documentation
Bailey (1978:266) defines documentary study as a careful
reading, understanding and analysis of written documents for some purposes
other than social research. They record of past events that are written or
printed. Grinnell and Williams (1990:219) noted that documentation is the
analysis of data that exist in boxes, in some enterprise's basements or hidden
in the core of a computer.
In this research, the researcher collected the already
existing data, by finding them where they are stored or field. During the
process of documentary analysis, the researcher reads some documents and after
understanding and analyzing the relevance of texts to this study, he jotted
them down on manuscripts and later typed them on a computer for compilation.
The researcher reads documents such as manual procedures, newspapers and other
publications.
3. 5. Sources of data
«A source is one of the materials that the researcher
uses for collecting information during the investigation» (Paige Wilson,
1989:2). The sources of data are both primary and secondary data.
3.5.1 Primary data
«Primary data are those data collected to the specific
problem or issue under investigation. Primary data are necessary when a trough
analysis of secondary data is unable to provide satisfactory information»
Joel R. Evan and Barry Berman (1995: 20), Gilbert A. Churchill Jr(1992:182);he
further argued that, primary data are collected to fit precise purposes of
current research problem.
To evaluate the overall value of primary data, the researcher
must weigh precision, currentness and reliability against high cost time
pressure and limited access to materials. The main techniques of primary data
collection were interviews and questionnaires given to the staff and suppliers
. Therefore, primary data were collected from respondents in the form of
answers to the administered questionnaire as well as responses where interviews
were applied.
3.5.2 Secondary data
Extensive study and review of published and unpublished
documents, reports journals, newspapers and policy reports relevant to the
study was used. Secondary data is «A data gathering method that makes use
of pre-existing data» Richard M. Grinnell and Margaret Williams,
(1990:228).
This technique is important because it reviews the literature
and tries to canvas both global and national perspectives so that the
researcher could have a comparative framework for analysis and evaluation
(William, 1982:401). Secondary data sources for this research work were drawn
from the permanent file of some surveyed institutions. The permanent file
included among other documents and these includes the following: the statute,
minute of managers, the manual of procedures and other documents considered
necessary for this study.
3.6. Reliability and validity
According to Schwab et al. (2014), validity and
reliability in research design refer to the need to ensure that concepts used
in the study measure what they are intended to and that this measurement is
consistent and stable for all respondents.
The researcher used professionals or experts in the strategy
field to assess the concept the instrument is trying to measure and also
determine whether the set of items or checklist accurately represents the
concepts under the study.
For reliability, Cronbach's Alpha is a reliability coefficient
that indicates how well items in a set are positively correlated to one
another. Generally, reliability of 0.7 to 1.0 is considered acceptable. For
this study, an alpha coefficient is 0.81 which is greater than 0.7 considered
reliable.
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