III.1.3. Sampling
From a statistical point of view, a sampling is the set of
operations for determining a sample in a survey.
There are two methods of sampling : probability or random
methods and non-probability methods.
- Probabilistic methods : the choice of sampling units is made
randomly and the probability that a sampling unit is included in the sample is
known a priori.
- Non-probabilistic methods : the choice of individuals to be
questioned is said to be reasoned, the individuals are not drawn by lot.
However, the choice of these individuals respects rules: the sample must have
the same characteristics as the source population.
III.1.3.1. Survey frame
The sampling frame corresponds to the total number of elements
of the population to be studied from which it is possible to constitute a
representative sample. In our study, the sampling frame corresponds to all the
people, actors who are interested in language training. We could not have the
data on the sector because no census has been conducted before.
1II.1.3.2. Sample size
We call sample, the fraction of a population intended to be
studied. The size of the sample corresponds to the number of individuals to be
interviewed. Its determination can be made by a probabilistic method on the one
hand, or by an empirical method on the other hand. The determination methods
are as follows :
- reasoned choice;
- scientific and statistical formulas ; - survey rate ...
As far as we are concerned, we have chosen the non-probability
sampling method by reasoned choice with a total of 100 prospects to be
surveyed. The choice of this survey rate is explained by : the insufficiency of
the means at our disposal for the study, time constraints, the high mobility of
the target, the reluctance of certain respondents to the subject. Our hundred
(100) prospects will be made up of people interested in language training.
III.1.4. Conduct of the survey
Our field data collection tool is the survey questionnaire. It
is an essential collection tool for collecting primary or raw data during a
survey.
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III.1.4.1. Survey
The questionnaire is the data collection medium. It makes it
possible to record and store all the information collected from the
respondents. Its drafting is an important step in the investigation. It must
take into account the different objectives of the study to frame the scope of
the study. In addition, it obeys a number of rules in order to minimize errors
in the results. For example, the questions must be precise and understandable
to avoid the risk of voluntary or unintentional bias on the part of the
respondent. Without forgetting that these questions must be able to help in
solving the problem of the study.
III.1.4.2. Counting of the questionnaire
Once the fieldwork was completed, we proceeded to re-read the
completed questionnaires in order to rule out incomplete and inconsistent ones.
Then, we were able to complete the codification grid, the structure of which
was established taking into account the data processing software that we used,
namely Google forms. The data resulting from the analysis using Google forms
were subsequently exported to Microsoft Excel either for reprocessing in new
tables, or for the establishment of graphs that we sent to Microsoft Word where
the final thesis was written.
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