·
CONCLUSION
************
Most Americans take it as self-evident truth that the American
way of life is the best ever devised in the history of humanity. It comes as a
shock to discover that the rest of the World thinks otherwise ; that
America is an object of much fear and loathing.
The USA's Foreign Policy reveals much
continuity. Exceptionalism and the messianic spirit, which characterize it are
as old as the English North American colonies. Subsequently, American diplomacy
became characterized by the repetition of the same deplorable mistakes :
US colonialism and economic imperialism ; American domination of weaker
economies. So, some countries saw their legitimate aspirations dwarfed by the
USA's power and self-interest. Wars, rebellions were logical consequences.
Symbolically, the collapse of the W.T.C heralded the fact that the USA have to
rethink their Foreign Policy. The concept of Manifest Destiny that justified
expansion are now old-fashioned.
We have crossed the threshold of the 21st century to
greater mutual danger, with a more awful toll of human pain and suffering than
seemed possible. In the months and years ahead America faces a challenge as
important as the military one. The USA will have to break their age old habits
and rethink their role in the World. The USA will have to convince not just the
leaders but the populations.
Hatred is no basis for a secure world. In all the violence that
dominates the World only one thing seems clear. We all have a responsibility
for the predicament and dangers facing the World. We all have a duty to think,
act and work together ; there is work to be done within each society to
eradicate hatred and build the possibility of peaceful cohabitation.
·
BIBLIOGRAPHY
************
A) Ouvrages de
référence
q Jenkins, Philip. The United
States. New York : Palgrave 1997
q Ricard, Serge. The Manifest
Destiny of the United States in the XIXe century. University
Paris IV Sorbonne : Capes/Agregation d'anglais CNED, 1999
q BBC News Worldwide Ltd 2001. The
day that shook the World. Great Britain : BBC NEWS,
2001
q Mauk, David and Oakland, John.
American Civilization. New York : Third Edition,
2002.
q Colombani, Jean Marie. Tous
Américains ? Paris : Fayard, 2002
q Sardar, Ziauddin and Wyn Davies, Merryl.
Why do people hate America. Cambridge :
Icon books, 2002
q Mc Fadden, Robert . A nation
challenged. Jonathan Cape : New York 2002.
q Chomsky, Noam. Pouvoir et
terreur. Serpent à plume 2003.
B) Articles de journeaux et
magazines
1) The New York Review
q Dworkin, Ronald. The Threat to
Patriotism. The New York Review. February 28, 2002.
q Fritzgerald, Francis. George W.
Bush and the World. The New York Review.
September 26, 2002
2) U.S News
q Walsh, Kenneth T. Now it's Bush's
War. U.S News. September 24, 2001.
q Walsh, Kenneth T. I will not
yield, I will not rest. U.S
News. October 1, 2001
3) NEWSWEEK
q Hirsh, Michael and Barry, John.
How to strike back. Newsweek.
September 24, 2001
q Gutman, Roy. America's new
friend. Newsweek. November 19, 2001
q Fuyama, Francis. Their
target : the modern World. Newsweek. Special issue,
2002
q Mcguire,Styker and Meyer, Michael.
Europe. Newsweek. February 10, 2003
q Theil, Stefan and Meyer, Michael.
Europe barks, but does it bites ?
Newsweek. June 3, 2002
q Mcguire, Striker and Meyer, Michael.
Is this the new World order ?
Newsweek. March 17, 2003
q Kuntzman, Gersh. Let's make love
not war. Newsweek. March 17, 2003
q Zakaria, Fareed. Why America
scares the world and what to do about it. Newsweek.
March 24, 2003
The Daily Telegraph
q Delves, Philip.
Anthrax. The Daily Telegraph. October 13, 2002
TIME
q Cloud, John. What is Al-Qaeda
without its boss ? TIME. November 26, 2001
q Crumley, Bruce. Follow the
money.TIME. November 19, 2001
q Mc Geary, Johana. The Taliban
troubles. TIME. October 1, 2001
q Cloud, John. Can we stop the next
attack ? TIME. March 11, 2001
q Ripley, Amanda. The hunt for Bin
Laden. TIME. November 26, 2001
q Joffe, Josef. Ganging up
on . TIME. June 3, 2002
Le Point
q Henry Levy, Bernard.
Enquête au coeur d'Al-Qaeda, le vrai ennemi.
Le Point. Vendredi 25 Avril 2003
C) sources Internet
q September 2001 timeline :
http://www.september11news.com/DailyTime.htm
q World Socialist web site :
http ://www.wsws.org
q America and the World as America :
http://zmag.org/crisescurEvts/interventions.htm
q US News :
www.USNEWS.com
q TIME :
www.Time.com
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