ABSTRACT
The Group Bamendjo an area of ??about 17 km2, is located in
the district of Mbouda, South Department Bamboutos in the Western Region.
From 19 to 28 March 2014, a study for the completion of
diagnostic equipment procurement and evaluation of water resources potential of
Bamendjo was conducted in this Group. The methodology adopted was to make a
preparation of data collection in the field, identifying the type of water
points and their detection, diagnosis of water points, the household surveys,
the sampling some water samples and their analysis and also the realization of
the mapping.
At diagnosis, Bamendjo Group has 13 water points including 10
equipped in 31% of the total area of ??the village, 05 of whom are
non-functional. Boreholes and wells Bamendjo are usually equipped with hand
pumps brand INDIA MARK II and protective equipment items are almost
nonexistent. There is no Management Committee of Water Points whereas currently
the standard of hygiene around 62% of water points is considered good. As
regards the technical diagnostic of water points, the causes of
non-functionality of the works cited by users are: the drying up of water
points, breaking the chains, sagging and lack of equipment on water points. On
average, you should browse around 1 Km to access the water, where the
consumption of water of questionable quality by the people. The analysis of
water samples from sources shows that the organoleptic point of view, water
sources is generally good while the drilling is very rich in iron.
At the evaluation of water resources, if all existing water
points are functional, the amount mobilized total water is about 253 m3 per
day. With regard to the comparison between the total domestic water needs and
the amount mobilized in the community water points currently operated total
water, the latter can satisfy 39% of current domestic needs and only 11% of
them to 2035. However, sources alone can satisfy until 2020, vital needs.
Faced with this situation, awareness manifested by concrete
actions in order to redesign and implement water points producing good water
quality with increased participation of residents is therefore imperative.
CHAPITRE I :
INTRODUCTION GENERALE
I. CONTEXTE DE L'ÉTUDE
Nous vivons sur la planète bleue. L'eau joue un
rôle déterminant dans la vie des êtres humains, des animaux
et des plantes. Mais seulement la plus petite partie, 0,3% des réserves
globales en eau, sont utilisables comme eau potable et c'est justement cette
petite partie qui est en danger. Les scientifiques attirent notre attention sur
l'augmentation inquiétante de la pollution des réserves d'eau
potable. Une réorientation radicale concernant notre environnement est
donc nécessaire de toute urgence. Au Cameroun, l'eau non polluée
devient de plus en plus rare, et ce particulièrement en zone rurale.
Nous avons l'exemple de la pénurie d'eau observée à
Mbouda en 2009. Si la commune regorge d'un potentiel énorme en
ressource hydrique, son exploitation reste insuffisante, et les
problèmes liés à l'accès à l'eau potable
restent préoccupants : maîtrise de la ressource, mise en
oeuvre des infrastructures hydrauliques et gestion des points d'eau.
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