Benin has about 11.496.140 people, 52% of whom are aged
between 15 and 64, are of working age. The latter are mainly rural workers
(more than 34%), workers, managers but also unemployed and underemployed and
poor workers. The fertility rate was 3.25% in 2008, in 2013 it was 4.80
children per woman. It remains very high and there is no reason to think that
it has decreased to the date of today. This is one of the reasons why the
Beninese population is very young.
Indeed, the labor market in Benin is largely oriented towards
the urban environment. The potential labor force is estimated in 2010 at 50% of
the total population of the country. It is composed of 51% of women and 49% of
men. It has an average annual growth rate of 3.25% over the period. The working
population would thus increase from 2.7 million in 2000 to 4.4 million in 2025,
requiring the creation of an average of 110,000 jobs per year during this
period (which is far from sufficient). The low unemployment rate, which is
estimated at 2.6% in 2011, hides a high rate of visible underemployment, which
oscillates in 2011 around 53.9%. In view of these figures, it is clear that
Benin has significant potential in human capital, its youth just waiting to be
employed and used to contribute to economic growth and out of unemployment.
Difficulties in the labor market are more acute for young
people. In addition, youth employment suffers from enormous shortcomings, as
30.4% of young people are underemployed visibly through the number of working
hours and 63.2% unseen through precarious and indecent pay. . Another poignant
reality of youth employment is that only 7.9% of young people are in paid
employment. This percentage highlights the difficulties of absorbing the labor
supply of young people by the labor market and the need for young people to
take charge of themselves.
According to economic theory, employment is the most
effective way out of poverty. But, analyzes of the labor market and poverty
reveal a Beninese paradox. Since 2010, there has been a low unemployment rate
0.5% in 2010 according to the ILO and a relatively high rate of income poverty
among employed persons (30.1%) (in 2010). This shows that the labor market is
not fully playing its role of poverty reduction hence the alarming figures.
This is undoubtedly the result of a predominant informal sector and the high
rate of underemployment. The stakes of employment policy in Benin are therefore
numerous.
This will require that new government initiatives take into
account the complexity of the challenge to improve the internal and external
returns to youth education by significantly reducing school attrition and
adapting the education system. Vocational training content to current and
future needs of the Beninese economy while anticipating their lives post
training. This will have the effect of improving the qualification of young
people and facilitating their insertion. Hence this PLCS which will solve the
inequality Unemployment, Underemployment and Economic Growth by a military
bypass approach aimed directly at the education system itself in its execution
rather than a frontal attack. When one is Beninese, the military dimension is
at the heart of citizenship!
Avec la foi en Dieu et dans la fraternité,
nous nous instruisons pour nous élever, nous nous élevons pour
vaincre le sous-développement !
Les mécanismes d'entretien du chômage et du
sous emploi au Bénin : analyse et proposition de solution
