4.2. IDENTIFICATION OF PARTICIPANTS
Participants to our research were identified according to some
socio-demographics variables. These are the age, marital status, education
level, and employment status, which are synthesized in the below table. These
variables affect the use of savings and credit operations.
40
Table3. Identification of respondents
|
Category
|
Number of respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
Age
|
Below 18 yrs
|
22
|
11%
|
|
18-25yrs
|
75
|
37, 5%
|
|
25-45yrs
|
59
|
29, 5%
|
|
>45yrs
|
44
|
22%
|
|
TOTAL
|
200
|
100%
|
|
Marital status
|
Single
|
64
|
32%
|
|
Married
|
136
|
68%
|
|
TOTAL
|
200
|
100%
|
|
Education
|
Primary
|
112
|
56%
|
|
Secondary
|
69
|
34,5%
|
|
High education
|
14
|
7%
|
|
Others
|
5
|
2,5%
|
|
TOTAL
|
200
|
100%
|
|
Employment
|
Self-employed
|
91
|
45,5%
|
|
Employed
|
58
|
29%
|
|
Unemployed
|
36
|
18%
|
|
Students
|
15
|
7,5%
|
|
TOTAL
|
200
|
100%
|
Source: Primary data.
41
According to the variable age, most of respondents
are ranged between 18-25 years, representing 37, 5%. This meets the fact that
the above category represents the active population in general; while below 18
years of respondents have 11%, which means that this group have not yet begin
the income generating activities.
With regard to the marital status, the married group showed
68%, and became higher involved in savings and credit operations rather than
the single one. The explanation behind is that the single population is less
charged than the married group, in terms of people who are/are not dependents
on them. The person who has to satisfy the needs of many people has to increase
his incomes.
From the above table, results show that people with primary
level constitutes 56% of the respondents. Thus, 2.5% of respondents represents
category of others. The others group includes those who didn't finish their
primary school or never attended. We explain these findings as a result of the
microfinance's institutions deal with low income projects.
Reference made to employment status, the high number of
respondents (45.5%) is self-employed, whereas the students represent the small
group with 7,5%. These results match with the Rwandan government initiatives
which encourage people not to look at States employment, but to set up their
own business (entrepreneurship). In addition, students are few beneficiaries
because they launch their business simultaneously with their studies.
4.3. PRESENTATION OF RESULTS FROM QUESTIONNAIRES
Results from questionnaires are presented in different tables.
The questions have been formulated regarding the objectives and hypotheses of
the research. For each question, respondents had to choose their position
regarding the statement, and depending on the following
elements: strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly
disagree.
Table 4: Women use savings and credit in economic activity for
their empowerment
|
STATEMEN T
|
NUMBER OF RESPONDENT S
|
%
|
|
Strongly
|
41
|
20.50
|
|
agree
|
|
%
|
|
Agree
|
98
|
49%
|
|
Neutral
|
34
|
17%
|
|
Disagree
|
10
|
5%
|
|
Strongly
disagree
|
17
|
8.50%
|
|
Total
|
200
|
100%
|
42
Source: Primary data
From the tables above, most of respondents (49%) agreed with
the statement that women use saving and credit for economic activity, while a
small group of them (5%) were disagreed. It should also be noted that 20.5%
strongly agree with the statement. This means that 69.5% agree with the
statement at certain level. The neutral receives 17% of respondents. This may
result from low knowledge or lack of information on existence of schemes that
help women in promoting their economic activities.
Again 13.5% of the respondents do not agree with the
statement
Table 5: Women who benefit credit from Duterimbere IMF are
confined in range of female low-income activities
|
STATEMEN T
|
NUMBER OF RESPONDENT S
|
%
|
|
Strongly
|
29
|
14.50
|
|
agree
|
|
%
|
|
Agree
|
171
|
85.5
|
|
Neutral
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Disagree
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Strongly disagree
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Total
|
200
|
100%
|
43
Source: Primary data
According to the table above, 14.5% of respondents strongly
agree while 85.8% only agreed that economic contribution may increase women
role in economic decision-making in the household and leading to greater
well-being for women, children as well as men. Again none of the respondents
disagree with the statement. This shows the high level of knowledge by the
respondents on the criteria as of benefiting credits.
Table 6: Women economically-developed change gender role and
status within household and community
|
STATEMENT
|
NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
|
%
|
|
Strongly
|
45
|
22.5
|
|
agree
|
|
%
|
|
Agree
|
114
|
57%
|
|
Neutral
|
19
|
9.5%
|
|
Disagree
|
22
|
11%
|
|
Strongly disagree
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Total
|
200
|
100%
|
Source: Primary data A big number of respondents 57% confirms
that the women economically-developed change gender role and status within
household and community, 22.5%, 9.5% ,11% and 9.5% strongly agree, are neutral
and disagree respectively with the role of economic of women in household and
the communities while 0% of respondent strongly disagree with the statement.
Table 7: Microcredit given by Duterimbere IMF is limited
according to the beneficiary
|
STATEMEN T
|
NUMBER OF RESPONDENT S
|
%
|
|
Strongly
|
77
|
38.50
|
|
agree
|
|
%
|
|
Agree
|
123
|
61.50
|
|
|
%
|
|
Neutral
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Disagree
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Strongly disagree
|
0
|
1.50%
|
|
Total
|
200
|
100%
|
44
Source: Primary data From the table above, 61.5% of respondents
agree that the microcredit given by Duterimbere IMF is limited according to the
beneficiary and 77 persons (38.5%) strongly agree with the same statement.
Table 8: Microcredit provided by Duterimbere IMF is enough to
women empowerin
STATEMENT
|
NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
|
%
|
|
Strongly agree
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Agree
|
82
|
41%
|
|
Neutral
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Disagree
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Strongly disagree
|
118
|
59%
|
|
Total
|
200
|
100%
|
Source: Primary data
According to the table above, 41% of respondents agree that:
Microcredit provided by Duterimbere MFI is enough to women empowering while 59%
of respondents strongly disagree with the statement. This means that the
majority confirmed microcredit provided by Duterimbere is not enough in case of
the women empowerment.
Table 9: Women appreciate the short-term loan from Duterimbere
MFI for their
empowerment purpose
45
|
STATEMENT
|
NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
|
%
|
|
Strongly agree
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Agree
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Neutral
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Disagree
|
200
|
100%
|
|
Strongly disagree
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Total
|
200
|
100%
|
Source: Primary data
According to the above table, all respondents (100%) have been
disagreed the short-term loan from Duterimbere IMF for their empowerment. It
means that time allocated to the repayment of credit is not enough according to
the capacity of the initiated business.
Table 10: Women may be economically self-sufficiency due to
microcredit without the men support
|
STATEMENT
|
NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
|
%
|
|
Strongly agree
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Agree
|
112
|
560%
|
|
Neutral
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Disagree
|
55
|
27.50%
|
|
Strongly disagree
|
33
|
16.50%
|
|
Total
|
200
|
100%
|
46
Source: Primary data
The above table shows that 112 respondents (56%) agreed that
most women may be economically self-sufficiency due to microcredit without the
men compared to 33 respondents (16.5%) who did not strongly agree with the
statement.
Table 11: Socio-demographics variables such as education
level, age, marital and professional status lead to success of microcredit in
women empowerment
|
STATEMEN T
|
NUMBER OF RESPONDEN TS
|
%
|
|
Strongly agree
|
13
|
6.50%
|
|
Agree
|
61
|
30.50
|
|
|
%
|
|
Neutral
|
27
|
13.50
|
|
|
%
|
|
Disagree
|
39
|
19.50
|
|
|
%
|
|
Strongly disagree
|
60
|
30%
|
|
Total
|
200
|
100%
|
47
Source: Primary Data From the above data, 6.5% strongly agree
and 30.5% agree that Socio-demographics variables such as education level, age,
marital and professional status lead to success of microcredit in women
empowerment and/or what little income they earn may substitute for former male
household contributions as men retain more of their earnings for their own use.
13.5% of respondents are neutral while 19.5% and 30% strongly disagree and
disagree with the statement respectively
Table 12: Business held by women is competitive with others
|
STATEMENT
|
NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
|
%
|
|
Strongly agree
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Agree
|
127
|
63.50%
|
|
Neutral
|
29
|
14.50%
|
|
Disagree
|
44
|
22%
|
|
Strongly disagree
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Total
|
200
|
100%
|
Source: Primary data
The table shows that 63.5% of respondents confirmed that Business
held by women is competitive with others and reproductive tasks, 44% disagreed
with the statement while 14.5% of respondents did not comment about the
subject.
Table 13: Microcredit offered to women improves the family
standing
48
|
STATEMENT
|
NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
|
%
|
|
Strongly agree
|
100
|
50%
|
|
Agree
|
62
|
31%
|
|
Neutral
|
0
|
%
|
|
Disagree
|
38
|
19%
|
|
Strongly disagree
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Total
|
200
|
100%
|
Source: Primary data
From the above table, most of respondents (50%) were strongly
agreed, and 31% agreed that the microcredit offered to women improves the
family standing, whereas 38% of them disagreed with the statement.
Table 14: Women empowerment involves the family and community
development
|
STATEMENT
|
NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
|
%
|
|
Strongly agree
|
36
|
18%
|
|
Agree
|
164
|
82%
|
|
Neutral
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Disagree
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Strongly disagree
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Total
|
200
|
100%
|
Source: Primary data 18% 0f the women interviewed strongly agreed
to Women empowerment involves the family and community development have highest
the important in the family promotion and the number of the 82% of respondents
agreed with the statement.
Table 15: Family economy may be based on the women empowerment
due to Savings and credit through microfinance
49
|
STATEMENT
|
NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
|
%
|
|
Strongly agree
|
161
|
80.50%
|
|
Agree
|
23
|
11.50%
|
|
Neutral
|
0
|
0%
|
|
Disagree
|
7
|
3.50%
|
|
Strongly disagree
|
9
|
4.50%
|
|
Total
|
200
|
100%
|
Source: Primary data
50
The study shows that 80.5% of the women respondents were
particularly proud of the financial contribution of the loan received to their
empowerment especially in their family and 11.5% of respondents agreed with the
same. However, 4.5% and 3.5% disagreed and strongly disagreed with the
statement respectively.
| 
