Memoire Online - Online ordering and inventory system

Jean Claude KANYESHYAMBA hereby declare that the project report entitled «OOIS of La GALETTE supermarket» submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor in Information Systems and Management is a record of bonafide project work carried out by myself under the guidance of my supervisor. I further declare that the work reported in this project has not been submitted, either in part or in full, for the award of any other degree or diploma in this institute or any other institute or university.

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled «ONLINE ORDERING AND INVENTORY SYSTEM OF LA GALETTE SUPERMARKET» submitted by Jean Claude KANYESHYAMBA (9867/08) to Independent Institute of Lay Adventists of Kigali in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor in information systems and management is a record of

Accredited by the Ministerial Order No 002/09 0f 09/04/2009 granting the Definitive Operating Licence

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, We are most grateful and also extend our lovely appreciation to the Mighty fortress is our God, a bulwark never failing for his mercies endures forever, and by whom this work has been made possible.

Sincere thanks goes to my supervisor Mr. Jean Claude TURIHO, for his support throughout my entire research. His continuous suggestions, critics, adherence and guidance made this project a success.

I am grateful to all information system management lecturers in the department of economics sciences for their efforts in availing the required knowledge for entire duration of my course, and families we are going to refer below. This work couldn't have been accomplished without their willing moral, financial and technical support.

I acknowledge the support of La GALETTE supermarket for their information data which helped in performance of this work.

I am also highly indebted to my friends for their support and the sharing of everything developmental throughout my studies, may you achieve for anything you struggle for.

Finally I thank who ever, in one way or another contributed to the success of my project. God Bless you all.

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this project is to design and implement online ordering and inventory system for which the case study is La GALETTE supermarket, specialized in the ordering of family use alimentation products like bread, cake and fruits. The problem currently facing the La GALETTE supermarket in the existing system; the activities like ordering online their products, registration of customers and users details, also it doesn't easily to control all store transaction details.

The main problems are make ordering online and to manage the product on stock.The La GALETTE supermarket has no specific software that helps us customers ordering their product online wherever they are in the world and help us to manage its inventory.

This Application offers the ability to visit all products recorded in supermarket, ordering product he/she selected, report and print information about products stored and customers ordered products, finally it lets the authorized user know how many products are remained in store and how many order received.

To implement this application, setups are created and some are installed on the server side and the other is installed on the client side.

LIST OF ABREVIATION

MERISE: Méthode d'Etude et de Réalisation Informatique pour les Systèmes d'Entreprise

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Today, the business is done online worldwide, the management of institutions and company is done through network technology using internet, all the systems of information management has been digitized. All these innovations have the aim to simplify life by making a lot of things easily and in a short time. Within this framework of ideas that our project: Online Ordering and Inventory system which can be used by La GALETTE Supermarket as my case study is developed as final work to fulfill the requirements of obtaining BISM. As I started, many companies and institutions in our region, particularly in our country, have lack of designed web based application that could help and offer better service to customers, employees and administrators. As La GALETTE supermarket has different types of product that are registered in different register. These products have to be managed and stored or registered and selling through on internet.

1.2 Statement of the problem

The problem currently facing the La GALETTE supermarket in the existing system; the activities like ordering online their products, registration of customers and users details, searching the products that are to be put into their system, Also it doesn't easily store all transaction details. Administrator does not properly and easily know situation of stock, and sometimes the product are not verified on time. The number of product must purchased is not followed. The main problem are make ordering online and to manage the product on stock.The La GALETTE has no specific software that help us customer ordering their product online wherever you are in the world and help us to manage its inventory. These cause some problems such as:

v It is not possible to sale the product online and customer or client cannot order goods from wherever they are.

That is why the La GALETTE need a software for using to control all its inventory and all transaction related to ordering product. The software will also manage La GALETTE to provide the right reports in real time. There is a need of system that might be used to store different activities' information easily and then, use those stored information to make decision depends on privileges belongs to the users.

1.3 Interest of the study

This study entitled «OOIS of members La GALETTE supermarket» was prompted by the following considerations.

1.3.1 Personal interest

The project will enable us to delve into different technologies and better understand their working and hence a competitive edge on the job, it will allow us to put in practice different skills and the theoretical knowledge acquired during our studies and will provide us with a hand on experience in software development.

1.3.2 Institutional interests

v The implementation of the management system will dispense product in La GALETTE supermarket to manage institutional resources in an efficient, effective and accountable.

v To increase number of product because ordering will be online both at supermarket.

v To help RWANDA to achieve goal of making the use of ICT the key tools in transformation the country.

1.4 Objective of the study

1.4.1 General Objective

The general objective of this project is to implement a web based application that provides an OOIS of La GALETTE supermarket.

1.4.2 Specific objectives

v The customers or clients will be able to order goods online from wherever they are

v Conception and development of software for registering, controlling all information from the different daily activities.

v This application will help the clients, employees to get their services or product online using the keyword.

v Designing a database application that will store all transactions and uses stored information to make some desired decision.

v Guarantee security of the system by basing on the users' and clients privileges.

1.5 Motivation

The choose of this project is motivated by two main reasons; the problems that this supermarket has for all time, such as: La GALETTE hasn't any system or web based help us the customers for ordering product using internet and the customers hasn't possibilities to access the product via internet. Another reason is related to my own needs of developing any software which will facilitate the customers for solving the problems said above.

1.6 Challenges

In this project, when there are interruption of power the system can found different disability and the customers can't access it, small producers and the people of the village where we haven't power they can't use this system, and the records of product will take a long time because of number of the product.

1.7 Methodology approach

For achieving this project, we preferred to use system analysis and design, documentation technique, electronic research, observation and investigation.

1.8 Scope of the project

Online ordering and inventory system is an application that will permit the customers to get the information by asking information easily wherever they are if they have access to the internet; the project is very broad reason why we have been limited to the LA GALETTE supermarket (case study) especially for:

1.9 Significance of the study

v To the researcher: the researcher will have a strong knowledge about the information management within public or private organization and will have an opportunity to practice his knowledge of the concepts learned from the class as an information technology undergraduates.

v To the La GALETTE managers: management and members of La GALETTE will enjoy quick and goods online services and will have a friendly and efficient system, it will be also a time of advertising of your product. Furthermore, data will be more secure and relations between the La GALETTE and its client or customer will be greatly improved.

v To the INILAK and future researchers: the INILAK and other researchers who will be interested in this case study, can use this project for the purpose of acquiring practical knowledge on how to control, manage or how to create web application for OOIS of business company.

v To the government of RWANDA: this study will provide relevant information that may help the government while making policies for such organizations.

1.10 Expected results

1.11 Organization of the project

v The first chapter is the general introduction which contains background, statement of the problem, interest of the study, objective of the study, hypothesis of the study, methodology used, scope of the study, significance of the study, result of the study and the organization of the study.

v The second chapter: presents the specific terminology, the comparative study and the personal contribution in this study.

CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 introduction

The purpose of this part is to provide a brief description about terms that are used during development of this project. It deals with theoretical concepts and fundamentals that support this project. It provides definitions and characteristics of technologies used. We will focus mostly on our research which is based on the collection, identification, and accessing the information whenever and wherever the volunteer are, if he has access to internet.

The second part of this chapter will be focused on the comparative study of works done in attempt to solve the found problems; it means all researches done in order to get solution on our problem. The last session of this chapter is our contribution to solve the same problem but through the different ways from others.

2.2 specific terminologies

2.2.1 Online

The terms online describes a system which is connected to a larger network available over the internet, refers to accessing a remote computer via a terminal and the state of a computer when it is turned on and connected to the Internet via an ISP.

2.2.2 Supermarket

2.2.3 Customer

2.2.4 Product

In general, the product is defined as a "thing produced by labor or effort" or the "result of an act or a process", and stems from the verb produce, from the Latin prôdûce (re) '(to) lead or bring forth'. Since 1575, the word "product" has referred to anything produced. Since 1695, the word has referred to "thing or things produced".

In marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy a want or need. In retailing, products are called merchandise. In manufacturing, products are purchased as raw materials and sold as finished goods. Commodities are usually raw materials such as metals and agricultural products, but a commodity can also be anything widely available in the open market. In project management, products are the formal definition of the project deliverables that make up or contribute to delivering the objectives of the project. In insurance, the policies are considered products offered for sale by the insurance company that created the contract.

2.2.5 Order

2.2.6 Invoice

A commercial document that itemizes a transaction between a buyer and a seller. An invoice will usually include the quantity of purchase, price of goods or services, date, parties involved, unique invoice number, and tax information. If goods or services were purchased on credit, the invoice will usually specify the terms of the deal, and provide information on the available methods of payment or a bill issued by one who has provided products or services to a customer, In asset-based lending, invoice means account receivable.

2.2.7 Store

2.2.8 Payment

2.2.9 Registration

The term registration is the process of adding new descriptions to the registry database. In computer vision, is also sets of data acquired by sampling the same scene or object at different times, or from different perspectives and is the act of enrolling, a document certifying an act of registering.

2.2.10 Administrator

A person for the performance or management of administrative business operations

2.2.11 Normal selling

Normal selling is the process of selling product at la GALETTE supermarket for customers who buy products it means that it is not necessary to make an order of product you want, the payment done immediately at cashier.

2.2.12 Super-Selling

Are the customers who take product at La GALETTE supermarket and reseller in different area of Rwanda that product are bread, they give order of quantity needed to the chief of bakery and pastry, and the employees of bakery and pastry prepare those order according to proforma invoice, after preparing those order chief of order checking and count for verify if number of order are the same on the number of proforma invoice, if are the same they deliver to customer who are waiting out of supermarket, the payment done at the office of general director.

2.3 Comparative study

In this section, we are going to describe some works which have the same way like this work. Which are online auction for vision finance company.

2.3.1 Online auction for vision finance company

According to Mr. RUMONGI Charles, student of mount Kenya university he decides to develop online auction for Vision Finance Company which are also very popular because they offer lower transaction costs than auctions and offer a bigger market for rare and collectable items that may not be available in one region, but can be bought through online auctions and shipped almost anywhere in the world. He chooses that topic to help vision finance company by developing a system which will help the company to manage easily your materials, in such way I found this topic in the same way with mine because my work is OOIS for La GALETTE supermarket which will help La GALETTE administrator to manage easily his product and help us their customers to use online services.

2.3.1.1 Strengths

There are many advantages that online auctioning has over "real life" auctions, which is one of the reasons why online auctioning is one of the most popular forms of e-commerce to date. One of the reasons for its success is that it enables sellers to promote their goods to an extremely large and diverse range of customers. Instead of just marketing to consumers in the area of an auction, the market has increased to become global. As a result, more consumers may be interested in buying a particular good, therefore driving up the price value. The large global market can also have the reverse effect on price value, as because there are almost billions of items available in the online auctioning website, it is common to find overlooked and therefore underpriced items.

Another advantage of auctioning online as opposed to auctioning is that it is easier to find information and records containing details of the previous history of the seller. This way, if someone has a tendency for selling a product, taking the money, then not sending the item to the buyer, it will be posted on the online auctioning site and people will know to be wary of that buyer. This has resulted in sellers being more cautious and more than in the auctioning world (Dysart; 2004; p.68).

According to Julie Vallone, of Entrepreneur magazine, many businesses also use online auctioning sites to test their new products. They do this to gauge how popular a product seems to be and what price range they should be using when they introduce it to the retail market (Vallone; 2000). Another advantage of online auctioning is simply the novelty factor that it has as it is still considered a new concept. Many people will be drawn to auction sites such as EBay just because they have heard about it from some other medium and are curious to see what it is. Many of these people may be drawn in and soon become avid buyers and/or sellers.

2.3.1.2 Weaknesses

Despite the enormous popularity and many advantages of auctioning online, the concept also comes with its fair share of disadvantages. One of the most common disadvantages with auctioning online is that many bidders seem to be so caught up with an auction and the thrill of beating another person to the last bid that they are spending more than they can afford, and possibly more than the retail price they would pay for the same item.

Fraud is another large and seemingly unavoidable disadvantage of online auctioning. Unlike auctions, it is much easier for sellers to bogus items they do not possess and collect money from the bidders without ever sending them their items. There have been many reported cases where people have been charged with fraud after placing nonexistent items on online auctioning websites, but for every one of these reported cases, there are many more that go unreported. This situation also happens in reverse, where buyers bid for an item, the seller sends them the item believing their money is in the mail, and it is never received. It is much harder to trace a person in the virtual world and as opposed to the real world. For more detailed information about the issue of fraud within online shopping, please see Online Auctioning Sites - Security and Fraudulency

Unfair negative feedback for sellers is also another disadvantage of online auctioning. Some sellers will make extra effort to please all their customers, however one unreasonable customer that is impossible to please can affect their reputation forever by placing negative feedback on the website. This is why becoming a regular seller on online auctioning sites can be extremely time consuming, as sellers must go out of their way to meet all their customers' demands and requests (such as emails requesting more details of the product and shipping, postage and handling costs) so that they can avoid being labeled as unreliable or dishonest by their customers.

2.4 Personal contribution

Our contribution is to improve La GALETTE supermarket online services which will help customers and La GALETTE supermarket management will have a reliable tool and customers will enjoy quick, secure and good online services, Our contribution also is about providing the useful database which contains information that will help the La GALETTE supermarket customers to know information about their product, price of product, help us to control, by the category of each information or problem, the system will give you an answer, it will be able to precise the category of product he/she want to buy.

CHAPTER III: THE ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

3.1 Introduction

In this section, we briefly describe the existing system of La GALETTE supermarket and point out the problems caused by this system. To develop OOIS of La GALETTE supermarket, the researcher spent some time studying the system, talking to users and finding out how the existing system works and what is required of it by identifying and collecting necessary documentation relating to the system. Therefore, in this chapter researcher studies and analyses the existing system focusing on the processes using.

3.2 Company description

La GALETTE is one of supermarket located in Kigali city, selling different products from Europe continent and Africa continent, that product are divided into three group such as: Group A, group B and Group C

v Group A: this group is composed by alimentation products like soaps, fruits, chocolate, milk, rice, alcohol drinks and non alcohol drinks, juice, sugar etc...

v Group B: this group also are composed by different product from pastry and bakery like bread of diabetes person, cake of sugar, cake of birthday and cake of wedding, this group produced by employees of company but others product come from out from different suppliers.

v Group C: this group is composed by product from butcher like Meats of cow, jambo meat, meat of pork etc...

La GALETTE Supermarket has different employees divided into group enumerated above, salary depend on experience of each group but for every employees who begin the net salary is 55,000Frw

3.2.1 History of La GALETTE supermarket

La GALETTE is a German supermarket chain. It has 3 stores across Rwanda and 101 employees. It is planning to expand to Congo and Burundi countries. La GALETTE is a wholly German company owned by the Michael Fietzek. On 5^th February 1997, La GALETTE opened its first store in Kigali Rwanda, is a supermarket specialized in the ordering of family use alimentation products. When a customer visits the local supermarket he is able to see the entire product category and buy if he want or go and return back other day for buying.

3.2.2 Structure of La GALETTE supermarket

La GALETTE Supermarket are represented by General Director who take all decision, Administrative and finance services charges the salaries of employees, payment of different activities like: Rwanda revenue authority, social Security Fund of Rwanda, and other government fund this department has different branches like Accountancy, Secretary and Human Resource, has also department production services with its branches pastry and bakery where they produce different products like bread, cake and last department which is commerce services for preparing an invoice delivery to customer, For my project I will focus on production department services.

3.3 Mission and vision

3.3.1 Vision

To provide world-class service to customers in its areas of focus, offering solutions that are based on business and technology insights.

3.3.2 Mission

We focus on turning customer's vision into value driven results. We are responsive and flexible so we can build business for our customers. We provide seamless global services for our global accounts. Our speed in decision making results in fast business benefits are a proven end to end front to back office business solutions enable Our relationship model supports client value creation.

3.4 Process of existing system

The processes that we want to describe are: recording product on shelf, customer collecting product and payment after choosing items, in this part we have two types of customers such as: Normal and Extra-customer.

3.4.1 Recording of product

At La GALETTE supermarket, before purchasing product from different continent, they put on store according or following on type of each product. They use physical inventory where every product purchased recorded by using form of stock, when chief of store want to check the number which are on store, they take all form for each product then count product for verify if the number written on form matching on the number of product stored.

After purchasing new product or getting product from supplier those products are recorded on stock, for selling product are recorded on shelf of supermarket others to cold chamber (cheese, meat) or to fridge and freezer, some time come from to cold chamber toward freezer, before recorded to shelf checking expiration date of product.

All products are recorded according on group of each product, group of alimentation product, group of pastry/bakery and butcher product. After recording all products on stock and shelf, it is necessary also to record on machine of cashier where recordable depending on group. There is a person's loaded that action in supermarket who controller when shelf are take care or occupy of products.

3.4.2 Customer collecting product

When client or customers enter in supermarket, saw the product want in different group of product and there are some employees who can help us or orient client/customer showing where product are placed. After choosing and selecting products can take basket for storing goods, before going can check price, expired date and ingredients then went to cashier. Arriving there he/she deposit around him, cashier take one by one entering on machine according also on group of product when finished gives us to controller for making product on free packing. When cashier finish those transactions, she/he calculate and show client/customer on screen of machine and tell the customer total of money can pay and give us invoice when customer or client needed.

3.4.3 Order process

Order processing" is the term generally used to describe the process or the work flow associated with the picking, packing and delivery of the packed item(s) to a shipping carrier between customer and order chief. The specific "order fulfillment process" or the operational procedures of distribution department are determined by many factors. Each distribution department has its own unique requirements or priorities. Some of the factors that determine the specific process flow of a distribution department are:

· The nature of the orders: customer offer to order chief by using proforma invoice, the number of differing items and quantities of each item in orders, example number of pain france, number of grand pain coupe and number of sandwich.

· Time of availability: after deposit proforma invoice and receiving it, order chief reply invoking when order will fulfilled.

3.4.4 Delivery process

Delivery process begins when the customer first interacts with the service organization and ends when the delivery of the desired service is completed and the customer exits the process. At La GALETTE supermarket after getting order from chief of order, the agent of bakery and pastry prepare the goods respectively quantities of order, when finish they package according to each categories of product, chief of order check and count if there no mistake done, when the number of order written to proforma invoice are good prepared they give order for put out, before arriving to customer there are also controller who check again for looking if there are some product stolen, after those action customer get their order of items ordered, After delivery that product, stump and original of proforma invoice are transferred to office of general director.

3.4.5 Payment process

After selecting product and calculating total of money, the payment of customer done in the following ways:

v Cash: where customer present cash to cashier or where cashier receive money and customer get an invoice

v Cheques: where customer present check to cashier for extra-person not every customer, example: MINISANTE, CNLS, Rwanda Revenue Authority and Top tower Hotel

In our case, an online payment will done using MTN mobile money, where after paying La GALETTE supermarket administration will get message from customer's ordering payment.

3.5 limitations and weakness of the system in use

This results into some errors and or mistakes; they use slip of stock or form of stock, which can cause different problem such as lack of data. It has some lacks and failure which are the main reasons of developing and designing a new system.

The existing system presents many problems relative to lack of computerization of the OOIS for supermarket at La GALETTE it means that lack or missing of online system.

3.6 Proposed solutions to the problems

With the existing system, it is difficult to keep up to date information because it lacks a dynamic application connected to a database that would automate the task.
The design of an OOIS for la GALETTE Supermarket would solve the problems mentioned above which are very close to an inefficient information system. Realization of this web application would allow sharing of information between multiple interveners and would end the problems caused by inappropriate information system by means of the below proposed solutions:

(i) Creation of a web application for online ordering in order to help client, and putting your product in online which is not experienced with the existing system.

(ii) Controlling and managing their inventory system that can be operated by the proposed web application.

(iii) An online web application in which the reports will contain all details, made and submitted on due time.

Upon implementation of this software, the system of selling online and inventory system management will be much more secure, fast and easily accessible to different client.

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

4.1 Introduction

This chapter namely system analysis and design is created to solve problems of existing system, it should describe the requirements specification, functional requirement, non functional requirement, block diagram and entity relationship diagram.

4.2 Requirement specifications

4.2.1 Functional Requirements

In software engineering, a functional requirement defines a function of a software system or its component can be capturing the intended behavior of the system. This behavior may be expressed as Services, tasks or functions the system is required to perform. This part of the requirements document states in detailed and precise manner what the application will do. In this study will focus on ordering product, payment, delivering product to customer, checking product on store. At least one machines connected to the network and a user are required.

4.2.2 Non- functional requirements

Non functional requirements are those characteristics that cannot be expressed in this project. This new system created should not manage all units done into supermarket such us suppliers, management of employees, management of manufacturing of product and calculating all expenses. Any person will not able to access for changing, deleting and to adding something to the system without authorization of administrator.

4.3 User Requirements Specifications

The software requirements document is a written statement of what the software will do. What the software does is directly supposed by its users- either human user or other software systems. When an external system submits a request of a certain form, it gets a particular response. The main purpose of requirements document is to serve as an agreement between the developers and the users on what the application will do.

4.4 System Analysis

Any system designer will first analyze the existing system to point out the problems which are the system requirements creating need for a new one. The system analysis in this study has been catered for in the research phase during which the designer looked at how the existing operates and its shortcomings. Here the target is to come up with an OOIS which would facilitate the customers and then display the information about product needed for customer and to users using appropriate programming languages and web server in this case Easy PHP, HTML and Apache service respectively, here we will use merise method.

Merise method: is a method that is used to develop and to realize information technology. The principal objective of this method is the realization of information system. This method helps in data analysis and in data division in order to facilitate their handling.

4.5 System design

4.5.1 Design and development of the system

The design of a system uses the functional specification as source and produces the details that condition how system will assemble the requirement identified during system analysis. The design process should take care of the following:

The detailed design of input, output, files, database, test plan and other tasks are intended to be executed; data capture forms must be designed, clerical procedures laid down and all aspects of the design must be documented.

4.5.2 Functional Diagram

Function diagram is used to show system's functions that will be constructed and the implementation process of data diagram. In addition, function diagram will also be used to determine the appearance of smaller process in that flow chart. Function diagram show to do not, how do. In functional diagram, a function is divided into many smaller functions and each smaller function contains many even smaller ones. Constructing diagram is a process of division, from a higher function to appropriate smaller functions. Diagram need to be presented clearly, simply, exactly, fully and balanced function of the same level has the same level of difficulty need to be on the same page. In the current system, the function hierarchy diagram is as follows:

4.5.3 Data Flow Diagram

DFD is a graphical representation of the «flow» of data through an information system. DFDs can also be used for the visualization of data processing (structured design). On a DFD, data items flow from an external data source or an internal data store to an internal data store or an external data sink, via an internal process.

It is common practice for a designer to draw a context-level DFD first which shows the interaction between the system and outside entities. This context-level DFD is then «exploded» to show more detail of the system being modeled. With a dataflow diagram, users are able to visualize how the system will operate, what the system will accomplish and how the system will be implemented. Dataflow diagrams can be used to provide the end user with a physical idea of where the data they input , ultimately has an effect upon the structure of the whole system from order to dispatch to restock how any system is developed can be determined through a dataflow diagram. In my case DFD will be the intermediate of analyst and user of this system how the customers make order up delivering date.

4.5.4 Context diagram

Is a diagram that represents the actors outside a system that could interact with that system, This diagram is the highest level view of a system, similar to Block diagram, showing a possibly software-based, system as a whole and its inputs and outputs from/ to external factors.

In our case, external entities are the customers who will need the various services from the system, and the Administration office who will request the reports.

v From customer to the system: the system will provide information using online system and customer access it without changing anything and customer choosing the product and send order to the system, the system accept or refuse, when the system accept it send to him an invoice, the customer pay according to the invoice after the system give to him delivery date of the product ordered.

v From administrator to the system: administrator requests reports to the system and the system provide the report requested.

4.5.4.1 DFD level 0 for whole OOIS

4.5.4.2 DFD level 1 for manage product

4.5.4.3 DFD level1 for manage customers

4.6 Ways of recording information

The information will be recorded in My sql database. A database contains different parts which are used to record and manipulate information. The following steps elaborate on the components and design of an ERDM.

4.6.1 Entity Relationship Diagram

An ERD is a specialized graphic that illustrates the interrelationships between entities in a database. ERD often use symbols to represent three different types of information. Boxes are commonly used to represent entities. Diamonds are normally used to be solved while retaining its essential features one-to-one relationships.

This type of relationship takes place when a single occurrence of an entity is relationship to just one occurrence of a second entity.

The term entity is widely used in database circles and is used to mean any distinguishable object that is to be represented in the database. ERDM is based on a perception of a real world that consists of a collection of basic object called entities and also of relationships among these objects.

4.6.2 Designing the ERD

Entities are described in a database by set of attribute, like the attribute username, password, telephone number, employee id and address describe the entity, employees in the ERDM illustrated below. The primary key employee id is used to uniquely identify an employees (since it may be possible to have two employees with same name, surname, etc) the entity relationships are shown in diamond shapes. The set of all entities of the same type and set of all relationships of same type are termed as an entity set and relationship set respectively, the overall logical structure (schema) of a database can be expressed graphically by an ERD, which is built up from the following components:

Lines: links attributes to entity sets and sets and entity sets to relationships

4.6.3 Entity Relationship Diagram

4.7 Conceptual Model of Data

CMD has for goal to write under a formal way data that will be used by the management information system. It is exactly a representation of data, easily comprehensible, permitting to describe the system of information by use of entities. This diagram permits to represent the structure of the system of information for the data; this means the dependences or the relations between different data.

Entity: an entity is the representation of a material or immaterial element having a role in the

Attribute: An attribute is a characteristic of an entity that we want to record or retrieve later.

Data : A data is the element of an entity. It is the most important element of database.

Identifier: is a set of properties (one or several) permitting to designate one and a unique

entity; it is a particular property of an object as there can't exist two occurrences of this

Association: It makes possible to connect one or more entities. These connections are stated via management rules. Contrary to the entity, association is named with a verb. There are

The minimum cardinality corresponds to the minimal number of times that each entity occurrence takes part in the association occurrences. It generally takes values 0 or 1. The maximum cardinality corresponds to the maximum number of times where each occurrence of the entity takes part in the occurrences of association. It is at least equal to 1. The infinite one is noted «N».

4.8 Logical Data Model

Logical data models represent the abstract structure of some domain of information it will Includes all entities (tables), attributes (columns/fields) and relationships (keys) , Is independent of technology (platform, DBMS), Is normalized to fourth normal form (4NF) used in development of this system.

1. CUSTOMERS (CustomerId, Adress, InvoiceId, username, password, Email, Regdate, Phone)

2. PRODUCT (ProductId, Prodcategory, Prodname, Proddescription, Image, Prodprice)

4. ORDER (Orderid, Orderdate, Customername, Quantity, Prodname, Prodid, Companyname, Deliverydate)

4.9 The Conceptual Level

4.9.1 The Treatment Conceptual Model

The conceptual model of treatment permits to treat the dynamism of the information system, it means that operations are achieved according to events. This model permits to represent schematic way the activity of an information system without making reference to organizational choices or the means of execution therefore. That is to say it allows defining what must be done merely, but it doesn't say when, how, nor where.

The event

An event represents a change in the outside environment to the information system; it can also represent a change in the information system itself.

The Process

A process is a subset of the activity of the enterprise. It means that the activity of the enterprise is constituted of a set of process. A process is itself composed of treatments regrouped in a set named operations.

An operation is a set of actions executed by the system following an event, or to a conjunction of events. This sets of actions are interrupted, that means that the events are not taken so much into consideration, as long as the operation has not yet been accomplished.

The synchronization

The synchronization of an operation defines a Boolean condition on the contributive events having to trigger an operation. These are therefore conditions at the level of events governed by a logical condition achieved by the logical operations: EITHER, AND and NO.

4.9.2 Treatment Conceptual Model for Ordering Product

4.9.3 Treatment Conceptual Model for Invoice

4.9.4 Treatment Conceptual Model for Delivering

4.10 Data Dictionary

A data dictionary is a collection of descriptions of the data objects or items in a data model for the benefit of programmers and others who need to refer to them or the dictionary of data is at a time the pillar of work and the result of research and analysis of data. It is just like a depicted picture of the entire work. This dictionary of data defines all categories of data or data types, brief the all essential information about the software is included.

TABLE	FIELD	DESCRIPTION	TYPE	CONSTRAINTS
CUSTOMER	CustomerId	Identification of the customer	Varchar(15)	Primary key
	InvoiceId	Identification of the invoice	Int	Foreign key
	Username	Name of the customer	Varchar(14)	Not null
	Email	E-mail using	Varchar(15)	Not null
	Password	Customer password	Varchar(15)	Not null
	Phone	Phone of customer	Varchar(10)	Not null
	Regdate	Date of registration	Date	Null
	Adress	Adress of customer	Varchar(15)	Null
PRODUCT	ProductId	Identification of product	Varchar(10)	Primary Key
	Prodcategory	Category of product	Varchar(15)	Not null
	Prodname	Name of product	Varchar(15)	Not null
	Productdescription	Description of product	Varchar(15)	Null
	Price	Price of product	Varchar(15)	Not null
	Image	Image of product	Varchar(15)	Null
INVOICE	InvoiceId	Identification of invoice	Varchar(15)	Primary Key
	ProductId	Identification of the product	Varchar(15)	Foreign Key
	Quantity	Quantity of product	Varchar(15)	Not null
	Date	Time of writing an invoice	Date	Not null
	Unitprice	Price of product	Varchar(15)	Not null
	Pricetotal	Amount of product	Varchar(15)	Not null
ORDER	OrderId	Identification of order	Varchar(15)	Primary Key
	ProductId	Identification of the product	Varchar(15)	Foreign Key
	Orderdate	Date of order	Date	Not null
	Customername	Name of customer	Varchar(15)	Not null
	Quantity	Quantity	Int	Not null
	Productname	Name of product	Varchar(15)	Not null
	Companyname	Name of company	Varchar(15)	Not null
	Deliverydate	Date of delivery product	Date	Not null
STOCK	Codestock	Identification of stock	Varchar(15)	Primary Key
	ProductId	Identification of product	Varchar(20)	Foreign Key
	Regdate	Date of registration	Date	Not null
	Quantity	Quantity	Int	null
DELIVERY	DeliveryId	Identification of delivery	Varchar(15)	Not null
	Product	Product	Varchar(15)	null
	Quantity	Quantity of product	Int	Null
	Customer	Description of product	Varchar(15)	Null
	Datereceivable	Date of receivable	Date	Null
AUTORIZED STAFF	Id	Identification of product	Varchar(15)	Null
	Name	Name of authorized staff	Varchar(15)	Null
	Address	Address of person	Varchar(15)	null
	Companyname	Name of company	Varchar(15)	null
MAKE	Customerid	Identification of customer	Int	Not null
	Orderid	Identification of order	Int	Not null
	Product	product	Varchar(15)	null
PAY	Customerid	Identification of customer	Varchar(15)	Not null
	Invoiceid	Identification of invoice	Varchar(15)	Not null
	Prodid	product	Int	Not null
HAS	Stockid	Stock	Int	Not null
	Productid	Product	Int	Not null
	Productname	Name of product	Varchar(15)	Not null
CONTAINS	Orderid	Identification of order	Int	Not null
	Deliveryid	Delivery	Int	Not null
	Date	Date	Date	Not null

4.11 Organizational Model of Process

The diagram shown below is there to represent OMP that is to be done in the system. It seems there for describing properties of untreated data of processes that had not been treated by the Conceptual Model of Processes.

Task: Group of elementary operations executed within a functional procedure (phase of execution).

4.12 Physical Data Model

The PDM is used to design the internal schema of a database, depicting the data tables (derived from the logical data entries), the data columns of those tables (derived from the entity attributes), and the relationships between the tables (derived from the entity relationships). The features of the physical model of data include:

v Physical considerations may cause the physical model of data to be quite different from the logical model of data.

At this level, the data modeler will specify how the logical data model will be implemented in the database schema. The steps for physical data model design are as follows:

4.13 Advantage of the new system

The OOIS of La GALETTE supermarket is developed to support the existing system which presents some deficiencies. This new system will help to reduce the imperfection of clients or customers within the La GALETTE supermarket by replacing the existing system in order to benefit the advantage of information technology in better management of La GALETTE supermarket and other company of business.

5.1 Implementation overview

The fifth chapter putting a planned system into action and examine in details the analysis and design of the online ordering and inventory system of la GALETTE supermarket. The present chapter discusses the implementation of the system, highlighting the testing exercise and describing some of the main components of the system's Graphical User Interface. It will give an output from programming language and other tools used to develop our system.

5.2 Description of tools used

The tools used in designing an online ordering and inventory system of la GALETTE supermarket are:

5.2.1 Xampp

Is a complete software package allowing using all the power and flexibility that offers the dynamic language PHP.

5.2.2 HTML

Hypertext markup language has been used to design web pages, forms, tables, and creating some links.

5.2.3 Macromedia Dreamweaver

Is the best tool (software) to create professional websites and is now the easiest tool to build attractive website. For the first time we can work in single environment to quickly create, build an internet application. The back-and of the system which is the database was designed using MY SQL.

5.2.4 My SQL

MySQL, pronounced either "My S-Q-L" or "My Sequel," is an open source relational database management system. It is based on the structure query language , which is used for adding, removing, and modifying information in the database. Standard SQL commands, such as add, drop, insert, and update can be used with MySQL.

MySQL can be used for a variety of applications, but is most commonly found on Web servers. A website that uses MySQL may include Web pages that access information from a database. These pages are often referred to as "dynamic," meaning the content of each page is generated from a database as the page loads. Websites that use dynamic Web pages are often referred to as database-driven websites.

Many database-driven websites that use MySQL also use a Web scripting language like PHP to access information from the database. MySQL commands can be incorporated into the PHP code, allowing part or all of a Web page to be generated from database information. Because both MySQL and PHP are both open source (meaning they are free to download and use), the PHP/MySQL combination has become a popular choice for database-driven websites.

5.2.5 Apache

Apache is primarily used to serve both static content and dynamic Web pages on the World Wide Web. Many web applications are designed expecting the environment and features that Apache provides. Apache is the web server component of the popular LAMP web server application stack, alongside My SQL, and the PHP /Perl /Python programming languages. Apache is used for many other tasks where content needs to be made available in a secure and reliable way.

One example is sharing files from a personal computer over the Internet. A user who has Apache installed on their desktop can put arbitrary files in the Apache's document root which can then be shared Programmers developing web applications often use a locally installed version of Apache in order to preview and test code as it is being developed.

5.2.6 Php MyAdmin

Php MyAdmin is a well known and popular open-source tool written in PHP intended to handle the administration of My SQL over the Internet. Currently it can create and drop databases, create/drop/alter tables, and delete/edit/add fields, execute any SQL statement, and manage keys on fields. My SQL is the most popular open-source database, used by millions of developers and supporting numerous large dynamic websites and applications. My SQL acquired this wide popularity by virtue of its open-source nature, performance, reliability, robustness, and support for various platforms.

This popularity has also been helped by the existence of php My Admin, the industry-standard administration tool that makes database management easy for both the experienced developer and the novice. The powerful graphical interface that it provides to My SQL has made php My Admin an indispensable tool for My SQL and web developers. Every php My Admin user can benefit from unlocking the full potential of this powerful application. Whether you are an experienced developer, system administrator, web designer, or new to My SQL and php My Admin, this book will show you how to increase your productivity and control when working with your databases.

My SQL is a very popular Open Source relational database. Database is a data structure used to store organized information. A database is typically made up of many linked tables of rows and columns. For example, a company might use a database to store information about their products, their employees, and financial information. Databases are now also used in nearly all e-commerce sites to store product inventory and customer information. Database software, such as Microsoft Access, FileMaker Pro, and My SQL is designed to help companies and individuals organize large amounts of information in a way where the data can be easily searched, sorted, and updated.

5.3 Client-server Interaction

5.3.1 Characteristics of Clients and Servers

· It is an application program that becomes a client temporarily when remote access is needed, but performs other computation locally.

· It is invoked automatically when a system boots, and continues to execute through many sessions.

· It waits passively for contact from arbitrary remote clients (LISTEN primitive).

Note that the word server is (strictly) referring to a piece of software. However, a computer running one or more servers is often (incorrectly) called a server. Like most application programs, a client and a server use a transport protocol to communicate.

5.3.2 The client Server Architecture

The Internet revolves around the client-server architecture. Your computer runs software called the client and it interacts with software known as the server located at a remote computer. The client is usually a browser such as Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator or Mozilla. Browsers interact with the server using a set of instructions called protocols. These protocols help in the accurate transfer of data through requests from a browser and responses from the server. There are many protocols available on the Internet. The WWW, which is a part of the Internet, brings all these protocols under one roof. You can, thus, use HTTP, FTP, Telnet, email etc. from one platform - your web browser.

5.3.3 Some common Internet protocols

· HTTP: used on the WWW for transferring web pages and files contained in web pages such as images.

The web employs a connection-less protocol, which means that after every client-server interaction the connection between the two is lost.
Let us now examine the client-server inter-communication with three models

5.4 Software testing

5.4.1Introduction

The testing phase is the stage that follows the implementation of the program with the aim to verify whether it responds to the existing problem or it does what it has to do.

It also involves the examination of the functionality of program in general to ensure that the software responds to the needs of the users.

This will verify the performance of the program in matters of security and portability. The bottom line is that the software should be delivered, not only working correctly but also satisfying other attributes such as usability and maintainability. The following test methods were used to try to uncover all possible errors and verify that the system fully satisfies its requirements. It is worth mentioning that we have tried to follow the best practices suggested by all software engineering researchers.

5.4.2 Unit testing

We used this method of testing in purpose of taking smallest piece of testable in our application, isolate it from the remainder of the code and determine whether it behaves exactly as we expect.

Each unit is tested separately before integrating them into modules to test the interfaces between modules.

5.4.3 Integration testing

Integration testing is a logical extension of unit testing. In its simplest form, two units that have already been tested are combined into a component and the interface between them is tested. A component, in this sense, refers to an integrated aggregate of more than one unit. In a realistic scenario, many units are combined into components, which are in turn aggregated into even larger parts of the program. The idea is to test combinations of pieces and eventually expand the process to test your modules with those of the groups.

Eventually all the modules making up a process are tested together. Beyond that, if the program is composed of more than one process, they should be tested in pairs rather than all at once.

5.4.4 Validation testing

Test validation is a procedure that demonstrates that a test is job-related and correlates to on the job-performance. There are three main types of validation:

Content validation is a procedure where the content of the job in question is analyzed, matched and compared, (function by function) to the abilities measured by the test. This shows that the test is related to the job.

Concurrent validation is a procedure which tests individuals currently in the position, and the statistically compares the test results, after a certain time, to on-the job performance.

Predictive validation is a procedure which tests individuals when they are hired, and then statistically compares the test results, after a certain time, to on-the job performance.

5.4.5 Black Box testing

Black testing takes an external perspective of the test object to derive test cases. These tests can be functional or non-functional, through usually functional. The test designer selects valid and invalid inputs and determines the correct output. There is no knowledge of the test object's internal structure.

This method of test design is applicable to all levels of software testing: unit, integration, functional testing, system and acceptance. The higher the level, and hence the bigger and more complex the box, the more one is forced to use black box testing to simplify. While this method can uncover unimplemented parts of the specification, one cannot be sure that all existent paths are tested.

5.5 Some User Interface Screenshots

For this project, we have many forms such as: Home page, product category, Customer shopping invoice, Customer login form for ordering, Authorized login form, Customer information form and customer suggestion form.

This is the form that helps us the customers to be registered and where can fill when ordering product.

This form that allows the administrator to login to the system, for add new products, updating product, controlling stock and others activities of all systems.

CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

6.1 CONCLUSION

This objective has been achieved successfully with the best practices in designing OOIS.

The administrator of la GALETTE supermarket will have the full control of the Online Ordering and Inventory System.

The choice of the topic was motivated by our desire to apply the knowledge acquired during our studies in developing a real -world application that satisfies not only its specifications, but also the industry standards as far as software engineering is concerned.

The requirements were drawn from a careful analysis of the existing system in use and its problems, and the analysis, design and implementation were guided by the provision of a system that effectively and efficiently solves the problems identified. The result of our project is the OOIS for La GALETTE supermarket in which a module for recording products, ordering products module, a payment process of checking customers before delivering product ordered and a reporting module are fully implemented.

v Allowing the user register a new customer, recording products, updating, deleting products and other activities

This Application has been developed with flexibility to be modified later easily and has been tested on machines having windows operating system.

6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

For further researchers especially INILAK students and other interested to improve in this project we recommend:

v We recommend La GALETTE supermarket to implement this application at least in the ordering department to test the benefit of it. And later this can be expended to the whole supermarket.

REFERENCES

1. Horak, Ray, Uyless Black, and mark Miller, Communication Systems and Networks: Vocie, Data and Broadband Technologies.IDG Books, 1996.

2. Janet Valade.PHP & MYSQL for Dummies. Wiley Publishing inc. Second Edition, 2004.

3. Kayata Wesel, Ellen. Wireless Multimedia Communication: Networking Video, Voice and Data. Addison-Wesley, 1997.

4. M. Kumar and S.I. Feldman, «Business Negotiations on the Internet,» proc. inet'98, Geneva Switzerland, July 21-23 1998.

5. Tim Converse and Joyce Park with Clarck Morgan. PHP5 and MYSQL Bible. Wiley publishing inc., Canada 2004.

1. KAGORORA Samson, Web programming course, independent institute of lay Adventists of Kigali, 2009.

2. BATAMULIZA Charlotte, E-commerce course, independent institute of lay Adventists of Kigali, 2009.

3. KAGARAMA Jean Baptiste, System Analysis and Design Course notes, independent institute of lay Adventists of Kigali, 2009.

3. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/customer.html, 16^th of November 2011

Online ordering and inventory system

DEDICATION

DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE