Social cultural factors in HIV/AIDS transmission among women in Rwanda .

V.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

As well as the Rwandan government is trying to promote the girls' education and the training; the findings on this research study emphasis on the social cultural factors that influence HIV/AIDS transmission among women so that some policies can be elaborated and implemented for more reduce the frequency of women to be infected .

> The findings of this study suggest that there are several social cultural factors that influence HIV transmission among women, and for reduce a number of women to be infected with HIV , there is a need for the society to be aware how they can change from negative attitude to positive attitude towards girls perception in society.

> The government and non government organization (NGO) must support income generating activities for women inn order to empower them.

> To reduce the poverty; educational and training programs for women must be a main objective of the government.

> To inform sex workers about safer sex practices.

> Emphasis on sex education curriculum in school, boys and girls should aware with HIV prevention.

> HIV programs have to show the causes of women vulnerability to HIV infection. > Promoting access to education for all.

> To sensitize in society the value of girls' education and girls' right in order to reduce the HIV infection among women and in a whole society.

> Strict measures must be taken to prevent the rising violence against girls and women.

> Government must adopt policies against harmful traditional practices that increase vulnerability to HIV infection.

V.3 SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

Due to the fact that this research is so large, the lack of means (not enough budgets) and the lack of time due different duties were the main problems or obstacles met while conduct the research. For more get to the further research it will be very good:

· Having enough time and means. (Budget)

· To use the research methodology related to information on culture.

· To organize a research this covers a whole country.

· To explain the problem to the researcher and respondent.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Anne-Emmanuelle calves. (1998).Rwanda sexual behavior and condom use survey. PSI-Rwanda. Kigali

2. Avega Agahozo.(1999). Survey on violence against women in Rwandese society.kigali

3. Daniel vangroenweghe.(2000). Sida et sexualité en afrique. Bruxelles. epo

4. . Stpathy..G. C. (2005). Encyclopedia of AIDS. Dehli. kapoz publication.

5. Helen Jackson.(2002).AIDS FRICA.Harare Avondale

6. Laurent vidal. (2000).femmes en temps de SIDA, expérience d'Afrique. Boulevard saint-germain. Paris

7. Ndungutse.C.(2005). Barriers to females'access to higher education in Rwanda, a case study of Kigali Institute of Education.KIE. Kigali

8. SAMI TCHAK. (1999).LA sexuality feminine en afrique. Paris. l'Harmattan

9. The New times. (9july2008).The church, HIV/AIDS and saving lives. By RWEMBEHO Stephen.

10. Tumwine A.(2005).Social cultural factors that affects girls' education in Rwanda secondary schools, a case study of four Kigali secondary schools. KIE. Kigali

11. UNAIDS. (2005).Gender and HIV/AIDS. Amsterdam. KIT publisher

12. UNAIDS. (2003).integrating gender into HIV/AIDS programs. Thomson press. India

13. UNAIDS. (2005). HIV/AIDS, Gender and education. Amsterdam. Kit publisher.

14. UNAIDS. (2005).HIV/AIDS, Gender and young people. Amsterdam. kit publisher

15. Unicef, UNAIDS, WHO (2002). Young people and HIV/AIDS: opportunity in crises. Unicef

16. William H. chafe. (1998).Women and equality. Oxford university press. New York

17. www.afrol.com : Abuse of women escalates HIV infections in Africa.visited on 24-may-2008

18. www.allafica.com: women's access to land in poverty fight; on 12^th-june-2008

19. www.avert.org : The Impact on Households; on 24^th-may-2008

20. www.eenet.org: married girls and risk of HIV/AIDS; on 18^th-june-2008

21. www.icaso.og: gender, sexuality and HIV; on 28^th-may-2008

22. www.ncbi.nlm.nlh.gov: contextual issues around early marriage and poverty; 12^thjune-2008

23. www.fgmnetwork.org: effects of female genital cutting; on 18^th-june-2008

24. www.norgskristnerad.no: stigma and taboos; on 20^th-june-2008

25. comune.torino.it: Defining Violence; on 20th-august-2008

26. www.alrc.net: Gender-based Violence; on 20th-august-2008

APPENDICES

QUESTIONNAIRE

1.

imyaka (ages)

2. amashuri wize (your highest qualification)

3. ushingiye kumuco ni ibiki ubona bishobora gutuma umubare w,abari n,abategarugori bandura agakoko gatera SIDA wiyongera? (based on the value of culture which causes that can influence the girls and women infection with HIV/AIDS?)

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

4.ugendeye kubigaragara mumuco, usanga ibi bikurikira byagira uruhare mu kongera umubare w,abari n,abategarugori bandura agakoko gatera SIDA?

(Regarding on the value of the culture, those causes can influence to increase the number of girls and women who can be infected with HIV/AIDS?)

I. Ugushyingirwa (marriage) yego (yes)

Oya (no)

Sobanura (Explain)

II. Ubuharike (polygamy) yego (yes)

Oya (no)

Sobanura
(explain)