2.10Oil Export Revenue and
Per Capita Income and Employment rate
In 2003 the average salary of a labourer of a month without
including the bonuses used to be around XAF 59,995. This is almost double of
the minimum amount that the government of Chad had promised which was
approximately XAF 30,000. According to studies that various skilled oil field
and semiskilled have an average salary of XAF 120,000 in a month. This amount
excludes the different bonuses. The employees that are in oil sector have more
salaries than the ones employed in the non-oil sector. As a result of this
there is a shift in the number of employees in the oil sector from the non-oil
sector. For examples the teachers in various institutes are leaving their jobs
in order to get employed in the oil sector in order to earn more. This is
damaging the overall social environment. Only the people employed in the oil
industry are able to benefit from the oil revenues directly. No one else in the
nation is gaining any advantage from the oil extraction. On the other hand they
are going into a worse condition because of it (Limited et al., 2020; Urbain
Thierry, Mallaye, &Araar, 2017). There is a change in the trends of
employment rate. The oil industry has the maximum number of employees leaving
the other sectors in need of man power and employees. Without the proper
resources the other departments cannot function properly or be productive.
2.11Oil Export Revenue and
Consumer Wellbeing
For Chad oil is acting as a poison which is destroying the
natural environment of the country and is irreversibly tainting the soil,
water, flora, fauna, people and health. The oil pipelines are going through the
farmer's fields. These pipelines are passing from very close to the rural
villages and are going through the rivers that are utilized for fishing. During
the dry months the river beds are employed for planting maize, rice and
vegetables. The forests that are near the water sources are also in danger of
being spoiled. There is a huge risk of the contamination of the water supply of
a huge part of the country because of the oil pipelines (D.-G. Gadom et al.,
2017). To some context contamination is still existing. Drilling sites are
draining in the canals. The surface is being polluted by the quarries. The
ground water is also being affected by this. The pipeline ruptures and oil
spilling is sullying the lands and the rivers. The overall revenue generated by
the oil sector is not covering the damages caused by it. There is no proper
mechanism that might detect if new spillages may occur. There is no procedure
to detect or report any chemical leaks. The big holes dug in the ground for
burying of the waste materials are known as quarries (Limited et al., 2020;
Urbain Thierry et al., 2017). Land is taken from the farmers and then quarries
are made on it and then it is returned to the people without any treatment or
decontamination. Thus the lands become infertile. These untreated quarries
sometime gather rainwater and contaminate that as well. The mosquito growth is
increased that in return increases the diseases like malaria. Swimming in the
lakes and rivers has become a hazard for animals and people. Due to the burning
of excess waste and gases the air gets contaminated. The locals are getting ill
because of it. The farms are no longer producing the fruits. The income
generated through farming has gone way down and the farms are destroyed when it
rains. Many issues are arising due to the high tension cables. The death rate
in animals and children is increasing because of these dangerous cables. The
illnesses caused because of this include anaemia and abortions. There is no
point of filing complaints in the courts as they do nothing about ESSO (Brooks
et al., 2019; Jaeger, Bechir, Harouna, Moto, &Utzinger, 2018). The plans
for the waste management and other project guidelines are not implemented.
A transparent compensation system is not present. It is unjust
and inadequate. The complete land is owned by the state and the villagers are
only given a right to use it. The Consortium ESSO, takes the lands and when
they give it back it is of no use anymore. The land productivity is left to
none. The lands that were cultivated, lost their harvests. The farmers were
dependant on such lands for their living. No compensation is given to the
farmers for the damage to their land. There is no control or supervision of
environmental or social aspects (Brooks et al., 2019; Djal-Gadom et al., 2017;
G. D. Gadom et al., 2018). The revenue generated through the exportation of oil
is used for building universities, hospitals and schools. The money is used for
improving the road structure. Though the well-being of the consumers is
benefiting from the export revenue the oil sector is doing more damage than
benefit. It was planned that 5%of the oil export revenue would be used for
compensation for the people but this money is not reaching the people. The lack
of management skills has led to the wastage of the funds generated through oil
exports.
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