REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES
1. Ouvrages
ANDREFF V, Les multinationales globales, Ed.
La Découverte, Paris, 1996, 125 p.
Frank, I, Multinationales et
développement, Masson, Paris, 1981.
Hugonnier, B, Investissements directs,
coopération internationale et FMN, Oxford, 1984, 304P.
SHOMBA KINYAMBA, Méthodologie de la recherche
scientifique, Ed. PUK, Kinshasa, 2012, P. 38
2. Articles
ASIEDU, E, On the Determinants of Foreign Direct
Investment to Developing Countries: Is Africa Different? in World
Development vo1 .30, No. 1, Kansas, 2002, pp 107-119.
Aharoni, Y, "The foreign investment decision process." In
International Executive, vol. 8, Fall 1996, p13-14.
Barrel R et Holland D, "foreign direct investment and
restructuring" in central Europe. Economics of transition,
2000, P.504-517.
Caves, R, « International corporation, the
industrial economy of foreign direct investment » in Economica,
Vol. 37, Paris, 1983, Pp.843-847.
CHAKRABARTI A, "The Determinants of Foreign Direct
Investment", in Sensitivity Analyses of Cross-Country
Regressions, Kyklos, vol. 54, 2001, pp 89-1 14.
Dunning, J, "An overview of relations with national
governments", in new Political Economy, vol. 2, 1998,
P280-284.
Jacquemot, P, "Les firmes multinationales : une
introduction économique", in Economica, Paris, 1991. Pp.
477-478.
Krugman P et Obstfeld M, "Economie
international", in Ouvertures Economique, Paris 1996,
13P.
LUCAS, R, "Why doesn't capital flow from rich to poor
countries", in American Economic Review, vol. 80, n° 2, 1990, pp.
92-96.
Mayer, T et Mucchielli, J, "La localisation à
l'étranger des entreprises multinationales" in économie et
statistique, N° 326-327, 1999, Pp.159-176.
Michalet, C, "La séduction des nations ou comment
attirer les investissements", in Economica Paris, 1999, P
105-110.
Noorbakhsh F et Paloni A, "human capital and FDI inflows to
developing contriez:new empirical evidence", in world development,
N° 29, 2001, pp.1594-1595.
Steiner G.A, "The nature and signification of
multinational corporate planning", in Multinational corporate
planning, vol. 25, N°3, New York, 1983, Pp.1-17.
Wilhelms et Witter, "Foreign Direct Investment and it's
Determinants" in Developping Countries, Washington, 1998.
Pp.171-182.
3. Rapports
CNUCED, Les investissements étrangers directs et
le développement, Rapport sur l'investissement dans le monde,
Vue d'ensemble, Nation Unies, Genève, 2002, 96p.
CNUDED, le développement économique en
Afrique, Rapport, Genève, 2001, 85P.
CNUCED, Le développement économique en
Afrique catalyser l'investissement pour une croissance transformatrice en
Afrique. Rapport, Genève, 2014, 122P.
OCDE, Définition de référence
détaillée des investissements directs, Paris, 1983,
80P.
OMC, Rapport annuel, Genève, 2013, 148P.
FMI, Promouvoir une économie Mondiale plus
sûre et plus stable, Rapport annuel, Washington, 2013, 84P.
4. Mémoires et T.F.C
NJOUM, N, l'analyse des déterminants de
l'investissement direct étranger au Cameroun, mémoire
DEA, Université de Douala, FASEG, 2009. 92P
Thioye, k, les déterminants des investissements
directs étrangers : analyse du cas de Sénégal,
mémoire D.A, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, FASEG, 2009, 105P
5. Sites internet
www.wikipedia.com
www.countrydata.com/datasets
6. Autres documents
Cameroun, Charte des Investissements en République
du Cameroun, Loi N° 2002/004 du 19 Avril 2002, p.12.
Les annexes
Liste des pays incluent dans la base de donnée
|
Afrique du Sud
|
RDC
|
|
Angola
|
République centre Africain
|
|
Bénin
|
République du Congo
|
|
Botswana
|
République-Unie de Tanzanie
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
Rwanda
|
|
Burundi
|
Sao Tomé-et-Principe
|
|
Cameroun
|
Sénégal
|
|
Cap-Vert
|
Seychelles
|
|
Comores
|
Sierra Leone
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
Soudan
|
|
Djibouti
|
Swaziland
|
|
Érythrée
|
Tchad
|
|
Éthiopie
|
Togo
|
|
Gabon
|
Zambie
|
|
Gambie
|
Zimbabwe
|
|
Ghana
|
|
|
Guinée équatoriale
|
|
|
Guinée
|
|
|
Guinée-Bissau
|
|
|
Kenya
|
|
|
Lesotho
|
|
|
Libéria
|
|
|
Madagascar
|
|
|
Malawi
|
|
|
Mali
|
|
|
Maurice
|
|
|
Mauritanie
|
|
|
Mozambique
|
|
|
Namibie
|
|
|
Niger
|
|
|
Nigéria61(*)
|
|
|
Ouganda
|
|
|
OLS
|
|
|
inear regression
|
|
Number of obs = 821
|
|
|
|
F( 12, 38) = 25.19
|
|
|
|
Prob > F = 0.0000
|
|
|
|
R-squared = 0.6238
|
|
|
|
Root MSE = 22.395
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Std. Err. adjusted for
|
39 clusters in codepays)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Robust
|
|
|
ide Coef.
|
Std. Err. t P>t
|
[95% Conf. Interval]
|
|
|
|
|
|
lpib -1.401
|
0.1128 -1.63 0.112
|
-541.6056 58.84115
|
|
limport 30.0245
|
4.367352 6.87 0.000
|
21.18325 38.86574
|
|
lexport 1.362801
|
2.424391 0.56 0.577
|
-3.545123 6.270725
|
|
lnitel 2.321523
|
1.831957 1.27 0.213
|
-1.38708 6.030125
|
|
lmm 1.202611
|
4.298331 0.28 0.781
|
-7.498905 9.904127
|
|
lpop -9.907027
|
3.829811 -2.59 0.014
|
-17.66007 -2.153979
|
|
retinv -11.47346
|
21.45102 -0.53 0.596
|
-54.89878 31.95187
|
|
indcos -.0026469
|
.0049445 -0.54 0.596
|
-.0126565 .0073628
|
|
demo -.4776019
|
1.980685 -0.24 0.811
|
-4.48729 3.532086
|
|
govstab -.0289583
|
.8997132 -0.03 0.974
|
-1.850333 1.792416
|
|
riskpol .1445049
|
.2234443 0.65 0.522
|
-.3078344 .5968442
|
|
burocat -7.433475
|
2.030813 -3.66 0.001
|
-11.54464 -3.32231
|
|
_cons -110.8328
|
154.0616 -0.72 0.476
|
-422.7143 201.0487
|
|
FE
|
|
Fixed-effects (within) regression
|
Number of obs = 821
|
|
Group variable: codepays
|
Number of groups = 39
|
|
|
|
|
R-sq: within = 0.4366
|
Obs per group: min = 2
|
|
between = 0.4600
|
avg = 21.1
|
|
overall = 0.4000
|
max = 32
|
|
|
|
|
|
F(12,770) = 49.72
|
|
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.8421
|
Prob > F = 0.0000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ide Coef. Std. Err.
|
t P>t [95% Conf. Interval]
|
|
|
|
|
lpib 3.001 68.10828
|
1.82 0.070 -10.01591 257.384
|
|
limport 11.47292 2.434832
|
4.71 0.000 6.693228 16.25262
|
|
lexport 8.747063 1.691164
|
5.17 0.000 5.427224 12.0669
|
|
lnitel .084371 .8503128
|
0.10 0.921 -1.584835 1.753577
|
|
lmm 8.865285 2.36629
|
3.75 0.000 4.220141 13.51043
|
|
lpop 24.29556 4.974423
|
4.88 0.000 14.53052 34.0606
|
|
retinv 38.41897 10.60572
|
3.62 0.000 17.59941 59.23853
|
|
indcos -.0089937 .0032237
|
-2.79 0.005 -.015322 -.0026654
|
|
demo 1.323906 .7878808
|
1.68 0.093 -.2227429 2.870555
|
|
govstab .9062485 .3760463
|
2.41 0.016 .1680509 1.644446
|
|
riskpol -.0630488 .0985027
|
-0.64 0.522 -.2564144 .1303168
|
|
burocat .4714035 .9883417
|
0.48 0.634 -1.46876 2.411567
|
|
_cons -572.7193 66.92455
|
-8.56 0.000 -704.0955 -441.3431
|
|
|
|
|
sigma_u 45.100325
|
|
|
sigma_e 15.990033
|
|
|
rho .88833522 (fraction
|
of variance due to u_i)
|
|
|
|
|
F test that all u_i=0: F(38, 770)
|
= 21.44 Prob > F = 0.0000
|
|
RE
|
|
|
Random-effects GLS regression
|
Number of obs =
|
821
|
|
Group variable: codepays
|
Number of groups =
|
39
|
|
|
|
|
|
R-sq: within = 0.4120
|
Obs per group: min =
|
2
|
|
between = 0.6363
|
avg =
|
21.1
|
|
overall = 0.5633
|
max =
|
32
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wald chi2(12) =
|
607.56
|
|
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed)
|
Prob > chi2 =
|
0.0000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ide Coef. Std. Err.
|
z P>z [95% Conf.
|
Interval]
|
|
|
|
|
|
lpib 4.104 67.89727
|
1.25 0.212 -48.32257
|
217.8299
|
|
limport 18.44901 2.243156
|
8.22 0.000 14.0525
|
22.84551
|
|
lexport 7.277523 1.526326
|
4.77 0.000 4.285979
|
10.26907
|
|
lnitel 1.739839 .8181366
|
2.13 0.033 .136321
|
3.343358
|
|
lmm 8.702029 2.319741
|
3.75 0.000 4.15542
|
13.24864
|
|
lpop -2.62079 2.476202
|
-1.06 0.290 -7.474057
|
2.232477
|
|
retinv 34.30522 10.51431
|
3.26 0.001 13.69756
|
54.91288
|
|
indcos -.008791 .0032775
|
-2.68 0.007 -.0152148
|
-.0023673
|
|
demo 1.906711 .7897002
|
2.41 0.016 .3589275
|
3.454495
|
|
govstab 1.075877 .3795641
|
2.83 0.005 .3319449
|
1.819809
|
|
riskpol -.0343961 .1005491
|
-0.34 0.732 -.2314687
|
.1626766
|
|
burocat -.8942957 .9926723
|
-0.90 0.368 -2.839898
|
1.051306
|
|
_cons -404.5051 63.61369
|
-6.36 0.000 -529.1856
|
-279.8246
|
|
|
|
|
|
sigma_u 14.650018
|
|
|
|
sigma_e 15.990033
|
|
|
|
rho .45634939 (fraction
|
of variance due to u_i)
|
|
|
MCG4
|
|
|
Random-effects GLS regression
|
Number of obs =
|
704
|
|
Group variable: codepays
|
Number of groups =
|
33
|
|
|
|
|
|
R-sq: within = 0.4484
|
Obs per group: min =
|
2
|
|
between = 0.5802
|
avg =
|
21.3
|
|
overall = 0.5373
|
max =
|
32
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wald chi2(12) =
|
578.21
|
|
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed)
|
Prob > chi2 =
|
0.0000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ide Coef. Std. Err.
|
z P>z [95% Conf.
|
Interval]
|
|
|
|
|
|
lpib 4.181 71.1218
|
1.33 0.182 -44.51578
|
234.2766
|
|
limport 14.72458 2.359078
|
6.24 0.000 10.10087
|
19.34829
|
|
lexport 8.910017 1.603746
|
5.56 0.000 5.766734
|
12.0533
|
|
lnitel 3.343936 .8649087
|
3.87 0.000 1.648746
|
5.039126
|
|
lmm 12.37481 2.523428
|
4.90 0.000 7.428976
|
17.32063
|
|
lpop -1.996792 2.66427
|
-0.75 0.454 -7.218666
|
3.225082
|
|
retinv 36.64255 11.13564
|
3.29 0.001 14.81708
|
58.46801
|
|
indcos -.1357263 .0357954
|
-3.79 0.000 -.205884
|
-.0655687
|
|
demo 1.649987 .8148543
|
2.02 0.043 .0529015
|
3.247072
|
|
govstab .4416789 .4005001
|
1.10 0.270 -.3432869
|
1.226645
|
|
riskpol -.0490492 .1058377
|
-0.46 0.643 -.2564874
|
.1583889
|
|
burocat -.2608167 1.030328
|
-0.25 0.800 -2.280222
|
1.758589
|
|
_cons -373.7066 66.6808
|
-5.60 0.000 -504.3985
|
-243.0146
|
|
|
|
|
|
sigma_u 15.740637
|
|
|
|
sigma_e 15.485194
|
|
|
|
rho .50817994 (fraction
|
of variance due to u_i)
|
|
|
MCG AC 5
|
|
|
Random-effects GLS regression
|
Number of obs =
|
117
|
|
Group variable: codepays
|
Number of groups =
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
R-sq: within = 0.4812
|
Obs per group: min =
|
12
|
|
between = 0.9971
|
avg =
|
19.5
|
|
overall = 0.7512
|
max =
|
26
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wald chi2(12) =
|
314.03
|
|
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed)
|
Prob > chi2 =
|
0.0000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ide Coef. Std. Err.
|
z P>z [95% Conf.
|
Interval]
|
|
|
|
|
|
lpib -6.101 159.0897
|
-0.42 0.676 -378.2641
|
245.3561
|
|
limport 32.73475 6.608494
|
4.95 0.000 19.78233
|
45.68716
|
|
lexport 4.406165 4.244812
|
1.04 0.299 -3.913513
|
12.72584
|
|
lnitel -5.68182 2.247752
|
-2.53 0.011 -10.08733
|
-1.276308
|
|
lmm -6.635993 4.870502
|
-1.36 0.173 -16.182
|
2.910016
|
|
lpop -19.75019 4.976693
|
-3.97 0.000 -29.50433
|
-9.996053
|
|
retinv 15.37572 22.45681
|
0.68 0.494 -28.63882
|
59.39026
|
|
indcos .0003692 .0035786
|
0.10 0.918 -.0066447
|
.007383
|
|
demo 1.8927 2.386964
|
0.79 0.428 -2.785665
|
6.571064
|
|
govstab 3.003294 .9447061
|
3.18 0.001 1.151704
|
4.854884
|
|
riskpol -.0141713 .2912729
|
-0.05 0.961 -.5850558
|
.5567132
|
|
burocat .0922872 3.054052
|
0.03 0.976 -5.893545
|
6.078119
|
|
_cons -317.7587 145.9832
|
-2.18 0.030 -603.8806
|
-31.63688
|
|
|
|
|
|
sigma_u 0
|
|
|
|
sigma_e 15.114979
|
|
|
|
rho 0 (fraction
|
of variance due to u_i)
|
|
* 61 La somalie, le Soudan du
sud et l'ile de sainte Helene ne sont mentionnés à cause de
l'absence de données.
|
|
