2.3.2. PRIMARY SOURCES OF DATA
This approach will involve field observation and survey,
interviews using questionnaires to the randomly chosen sample from the
population around the study area in both Rutsiro and Nyabihu districts. The
oral interviews with the local authorities and districts officers in charge of
forests and environment will be conducted.
In order to get the accurate information, a sample of
questionnaires will also be distributed to the later residents of Gishwati who
were resettled to the other place in Rubavu district and in some cells around
the forest where they have been grouped into imidugudu.
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2.3.2.1. INTERVIEWS AND QUESTIONNAIRES
This is the commonly used method of collecting information
from people. This will involve the researcher reading the questions to the
respondents and recording their answers in taking notes.
There was any personal interaction, face to face in order to
help respondents to understand well the questions.
A questionnaire is a written list of questions, the answers to
which are recorded by respondents. The questionnaires will be used in the
interview in order to do not lose some of the provided questionnaires when
distributed in the people so that the sample will remain accurate to draw a
conclusion from it.
The interviews were focused on the following:
? People who were shifted from the forest (resettled)
? People who have been living outside and close to the forest
before and nowadays
? People who moved to the forest looking for opportunities as
farmers and so on and
? People with responsibilities of forests management ( local
authorities)
2.3.2.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Sampling is the process of selecting a few (a sample) from a
bigger group (the sampling population) to become the basis for estimating or
predicting the prevalence of an unknown piece of information, situation or
outcome regarding the bigger group. A sample is a sub group of the population
you interested in.
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The following figure shows the concepts of sampling
Study
population: sampling units
You select a few sampling units from the study population
Sample
Systematic random sampling was used to get different point of
views on environmental and socio economic impacts of land use change in
Gishwati forest.
From sample findings, you make an estimate of their prevalence in
the study population.
Data collection from these people to find answers to your
research questions.
Figure 3.The concept of sampling
The study area for the interviewing is «a household»
and the sampling method that was used is systematic random sampling to identify
the household to be interviewed and instead of determining the sample range
basing on the universe (population surrounding the study area) and sample size,
the research will consider the size of the sample and the number of
questionnaire copies that were available in each particular area.
That is to say, Sample range (Sr) = sample size/number of
questionnaires
The first interviewee will be selected randomly (n1), then n2=
n1+Sr, n3= n2+Sr, n4=n3+Sr etc until the sampling number is reached.
Thus the total size of the sample was 60 questionnaires in
this research whereby 25 questionnaires have been administered in villages
where people were resettled, 17 questionnaires were for the interviewees who
have been living around and close to the forest, 15 questionnaires for the
people who moved to the forests as farmers, 2 questionnaires for the local
authorities and 1 for the district officer in charge of environment.
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Table 1.Sample size for household
|
Sector
|
Cell
|
Villages
|
Number
|
|
Ruhango
|
Rundoyi
|
Arusha
|
20
|
|
Kanama
|
16
|
|
Gihira
|
Musenyi
|
12
|
|
Bitenga
|
9
|
|
Authority in charge of environment
|
3
|
The above table highlights the sample size in Ruhango sector
and the systematic random sampling took place in two cells with two villages in
each one.
| 
