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Impact de la performance du secteur agricole sur la performance des autres secteurs et le niveau de vie au Bénin

( Télécharger le fichier original )
par Codjo Serge ABALLO
Université d'Abomey-Calavi (Bénin) - Diplôme d'ingénieur statisticien économiste  2011
  

précédent sommaire suivant

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LISTE DES ANNEXES

Annexe 1 : Corrélogramme de la série L_PIBA

Annexe 2 : Corrélogramme de la série L_PIBH

Annexe 3 : Corrélogramme de la série L_PIBI

Annexe 4 : Corrélogramme de la série L_PIBI

Annexe 5 : Test de stationnarité sur L_PIBA

Null Hypothesis: L_PIBA has a unit root

 

Exogenous: Constant, Linear Trend

 

Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on SIC, MAXLAG=9)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

t-Statistic

  Prob.*

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic

-3.162448

 0.1062

Test critical values:

1% level

 

-4.198503

 
 

5% level

 

-3.523623

 
 

10% level

 

-3.192902

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 

Dependent Variable: D(L_PIBA)

 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 02/20/13 Time: 12:10

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1971 2011

 
 

Included observations: 41 after adjustments

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Variable

Coefficient

Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

L_PIBA (-1)

-0.317483

0.100391

-3.162448

0.0031

C

7.985487

2.517238

3.172321

0.0030

@TREND(1970)

0.014248

0.004397

3.240189

0.0025

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

R-squared

0.217180

    Mean dependent var

0.036148

Adjusted R-squared

0.175979

    S.D. dependent var

0.059995

S.E. of regression

0.054461

    Akaike info criterion

-2.912319

Sum squared resid

0.112707

    Schwarz criterion

-2.786936

Log likelihood

62.70254

    F-statistic

5.271236

Durbin-Watson stat

2.042756

    Prob(F-statistic)

0.009541

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Annexe 6 : Test de stationnarité sur D(L_PIBA)

Null Hypothesis: D(L_PIBA) has a unit root

 

Exogenous: Constant

 
 

Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on SIC, MAXLAG=9)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

t-Statistic

  Prob.*

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic

-7.130728

 0.0000

Test critical values:

1% level

 

-3.605593

 
 

5% level

 

-2.936942

 
 

10% level

 

-2.606857

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 

Dependent Variable: D(L_PIBA,2)

 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 02/20/13 Time: 12:13

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1972 2011

 
 

Included observations: 40 after adjustments

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Variable

Coefficient

Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

D(L_PIBA(-1))

-1.127788

0.158159

-7.130728

0.0000

C

0.042689

0.011113

3.841436

0.0005

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

R-squared

0.572300

    Mean dependent var

0.001149

Adjusted R-squared

0.561045

    S.D. dependent var

0.090337

S.E. of regression

0.059852

    Akaike info criterion

-2.745189

Sum squared resid

0.136124

    Schwarz criterion

-2.660745

Log likelihood

56.90378

    F-statistic

50.84729

Durbin-Watson stat

2.053975

    Prob(F-statistic)

0.000000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Annexe 7 : Test de stationnarité sur L_PIBH

Null Hypothesis: L_PIBH has a unit root

 

Exogenous: Constant, Linear Trend

 

Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on SIC, MAXLAG=9)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

t-Statistic

  Prob.*

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic

-2.251733

 0.4496

Test critical values:

1% level

 

-4.198503

 
 

5% level

 

-3.523623

 
 

10% level

 

-3.192902

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 

Dependent Variable: D(L_PIBH)

 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 02/20/13 Time: 12:20

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1971 2011

 
 

Included observations: 41 after adjustments

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Variable

Coefficient

Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

L_PIBH(-1)

-0.225485

0.100138

-2.251733

0.0302

C

1.266563

0.562712

2.250818

0.0303

@TREND(1970)

0.001868

0.000779

2.399343

0.0214

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

R-squared

0.133422

    Mean dependent var

0.006582

Adjusted R-squared

0.087813

    S.D. dependent var

0.029653

S.E. of regression

0.028321

    Akaike info criterion

-4.220052

Sum squared resid

0.030480

    Schwarz criterion

-4.094668

Log likelihood

89.51106

    F-statistic

2.925332

Durbin-Watson stat

1.646501

    Prob(F-statistic)

0.065817

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Annexe 8 : Test de stationnarité sur D(L_PIBH)

Null Hypothesis: D(L_PIBH) has a unit root

 

Exogenous: None

 
 

Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on SIC, MAXLAG=9)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

t-Statistic

  Prob.*

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic

-5.575145

 0.0000

Test critical values:

1% level

 

-2.624057

 
 

5% level

 

-1.949319

 
 

10% level

 

-1.611711

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 

Dependent Variable: D (L_PIBH,2)

 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 02/20/13 Time: 12:22

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1972 2011

 
 

Included observations: 40 after adjustments

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Variable

Coefficient

Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

D(L_PIBH(-1))

-0.872126

0.156431

-5.575145

0.0000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

R-squared

0.442968

    Mean dependent var

0.001239

Adjusted R-squared

0.442968

    S.D. dependent var

0.040183

S.E. of regression

0.029990

    Akaike info criterion

-4.151208

Sum squared resid

0.035077

    Schwarz criterion

-4.108986

Log likelihood

84.02416

    Durbin-Watson stat

1.796316

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Annexe 9 : Test de stationnarité sur L_PIBI

Null Hypothesis: L_PIBI has a unit root

 

Exogenous: Constant

 
 

Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on SIC, MAXLAG=9)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

t-Statistic

  Prob.*

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic

-2.184504

 0.2148

Test critical values:

1% level

 

-3.600987

 
 

5% level

 

-2.935001

 
 

10% level

 

-2.605836

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 

Dependent Variable: D(L_PIBI)

 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 02/20/13 Time: 12:23

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1971 2011

 
 

Included observations: 41 after adjustments

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Variable

Coefficient

Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

L_PIBI(-1)

-0.061884

0.028329

-2.184504

0.0350

C

1.617128

0.709830

2.278190

0.0283

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

R-squared

0.109021

    Mean dependent var

0.067603

Adjusted R-squared

0.086175

    S.D. dependent var

0.179218

S.E. of regression

0.171322

    Akaike info criterion

-0.642991

Sum squared resid

1.144701

    Schwarz criterion

-0.559402

Log likelihood

15.18131

    F-statistic

4.772059

Durbin-Watson stat

1.879444

    Prob(F-statistic)

0.035001

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Annexe 10 : Test de stationnarité sur D(L_PIBI)

Null Hypothesis: D(L_PIBI) has a unit root

 

Exogenous: None

 
 

Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on SIC, MAXLAG=9)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

t-Statistic

  Prob.*

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic

-5.050001

 0.0000

Test critical values:

1% level

 

-2.624057

 
 

5% level

 

-1.949319

 
 

10% level

 

-1.611711

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 

Dependent Variable: D (L_PIBI,2)

 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 02/20/13 Time: 12:25

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1972 2011

 
 

Included observations: 40 after adjustments

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Variable

Coefficient

Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

D(L_PIBI(-1))

-0.784466

0.155340

-5.050001

0.0000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

R-squared

0.395307

    Mean dependent var

-0.002482

Adjusted R-squared

0.395307

    S.D. dependent var

0.242227

S.E. of regression

0.188360

    Akaike info criterion

-0.476236

Sum squared resid

1.383707

    Schwarz criterion

-0.434014

Log likelihood

10.52473

    Durbin-Watson stat

2.059069

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Annexe 11 : Test de stationnarité sur L_PIBS

Null Hypothesis: L_PIBS has a unit root

 

Exogenous: None

 
 

Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on SIC, MAXLAG=9)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

t-Statistic

  Prob.*

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic

 3.879710

 0.9999

Test critical values:

1% level

 

-2.622585

 
 

5% level

 

-1.949097

 
 

10% level

 

-1.611824

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 

Dependent Variable: D(L_PIBS)

 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 02/20/13 Time: 12:27

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1971 2011

 
 

Included observations: 41 after adjustments

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Variable

Coefficient

Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

L_PIBS (-1)

0.001146

0.000296

3.879710

0.0004

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

R-squared

0.000224

    Mean dependent var

0.030134

Adjusted R-squared

0.000224

    S.D. dependent var

0.049754

S.E. of regression

0.049748

    Akaike info criterion

-3.139586

Sum squared resid

0.098996

    Schwarz criterion

-3.097791

Log likelihood

65.36151

    Durbin-Watson stat

1.919032

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Annexe 12 : Test de stationnarité sur D(L_PIBS)

Null Hypothesis: D(L_PIBS) has a unit root

 

Exogenous: Constant

 
 

Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on SIC, MAXLAG=9)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

t-Statistic

  Prob.*

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic

-5.928194

 0.0000

Test critical values:

1% level

 

-3.605593

 
 

5% level

 

-2.936942

 
 

10% level

 

-2.606857

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 

Dependent Variable: D (L_PIBS,2)

 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 02/20/13 Time: 12:35

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 1972 2011

 
 

Included observations: 40 after adjustments

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Variable

Coefficient

Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

D(L_PIBS(-1))

-0.959630

0.161876

-5.928194

0.0000

C

0.029323

0.009423

3.111750

0.0035

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

R-squared

0.480473

    Mean dependent var

0.000318

Adjusted R-squared

0.466801

    S.D. dependent var

0.069753

S.E. of regression

0.050934

    Akaike info criterion

-3.067855

Sum squared resid

0.098583

    Schwarz criterion

-2.983411

Log likelihood

63.35709

    F-statistic

35.14349

Durbin-Watson stat

1.966510

    Prob(F-statistic)

0.000001

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Annexe 13 : Test de la valeur propre maximale

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Hypothesized

 

Max-Eigen

0.05

 

No. of CE(s)

Eigenvalue

Statistic

Critical Value

Prob**

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

None

 0.252039

 11.61618

 27.58434

 0.9470

At most 1

 0.194771

 8.665121

 21.13162

 0.8585

At most 2

 0.171309

 7.516315

 14.26460

 0.4300

At most 3

 0.038144

 1.555614

 3.841466

 0.2123

 
 
 
 
 

Annexe 14 : Modèle VAR avec DPIBI et sans constante

 

DL_PIBH

DL_PIBA

DL_PIBI

DL_PIBS

DL_PIBH(-1)

-0.214843

-1.416178

-0.815325

-0.589554

 

(0.22903)

(0.51143)

(1.52541)

(0.39238)

 

(-0.93807)

(-2.76907)

(-0.53450)

(-1.50252)

 
 
 
 
 

DL_PIBA(-1)

0.182883

0.352387

0.675885

0.480593

 

(0.07000)

(0.15632)

(0.46625)

(0.11993)

 

(2.61247)

(2.25424)

(1.44961)

(4.00717)

 
 
 
 
 

DL_PIBI(-1)

-0.002745

0.088369

0.189140

-0.003278

 

(0.02422)

(0.05408)

(0.16131)

(0.04149)

 

(-0.11334)

(1.63396)

(1.17253)

(-0.07899)

 
 
 
 
 

DL_PIBS(-1)

0.162300

0.639407

0.633147

0.508891

 

(0.11378)

(0.25408)

(0.75784)

(0.19494)

 

(1.42641)

(2.51654)

(0.83546)

(2.61054)

R-squared

0.126203

-0.049296

-0.010484

0.133920

Adj. R-squared

0.053387

-0.136738

-0.094691

0.061747

Sum sq. resids

0.029136

0.145289

1.292520

0.085521

S.E. equation

0.028449

0.063528

0.189482

0.048740

F-statistic

1.733169

-0.563765

-0.124499

1.855531

Log likelihood

87.73541

55.60071

11.88817

66.19994

Akaike AIC

-4.186770

-2.580035

-0.394408

-3.109997

Schwarz SC

-4.017882

-2.411147

-0.225520

-2.941109

Mean dependent

0.007638

0.037982

0.065746

0.030543

S.D. dependent

0.029240

0.059585

0.181101

0.050318

Determinant Residual Covariance

6.81E-11

 
 

Log Likelihood

241.1638

 
 

Akaike Information Criteria

-11.25819

 
 

Schwarz Criteria

-10.58264

 
 

Annexe 15: Modèle VAR avec constante et sans DPIBI

 

DL_PIBH

DL_PIBA

DL_PIBS

DL_PIBH(-1)

-0.458574

-0.119821

-0.470931

 

(0.30520)

(0.65405)

(0.53175)

 

(-1.50255)

(-0.18320)

(-0.88563)

 
 
 
 

DL_PIBA(-1)

0.287912

-0.177607

0.427684

 

(0.11345)

(0.24311)

(0.19766)

 

(2.53790)

(-0.73055)

(2.16378)

 
 
 
 

DL_PIBS(-1)

0.338551

-0.219547

0.418201

 

(0.18869)

(0.40437)

(0.32875)

 

(1.79422)

(-0.54294)

(1.27208)

 
 
 
 

C

-0.010265

0.051926

0.005163

 

(0.00882)

(0.01889)

(0.01536)

 

(-1.16426)

(2.74820)

(0.33610)

R-squared

0.157610

0.068342

0.136479

Adj. R-squared

0.087410

-0.009296

0.064519

Sum sq. resids

0.028089

0.129000

0.085268

S.E. equation

0.027933

0.059861

0.048668

F-statistic

2.245177

0.880267

1.896600

Log likelihood

88.46749

57.97890

66.25914

Akaike AIC

-4.223375

-2.698945

-3.112957

Schwarz SC

-4.054487

-2.530057

-2.944069

Mean dependent

0.007638

0.037982

0.030543

S.D. dependent

0.029240

0.059585

0.050318

Determinant Residual Covariance

1.12E-09

 

Log Likelihood

241.8794

 

Akaike Information Criteria

-11.49397

 

Schwarz Criteria

-10.98730

 

Annexe 16 : Modèle VAR sans DPIBI et sans constante

 

DL_PIBH

DL_PIBA

DL_PIBS

DL_PIBH(-1)

-0.217181

-1.340915

-0.592346

 

(0.22503)

(0.52072)

(0.38550)

 

(-0.96511)

(-2.57514)

(-1.53657)

 
 
 
 

DL_PIBA(-1)

0.182835

0.353930

0.480536

 

(0.06906)

(0.15981)

(0.11831)

 

(2.64738)

(2.21473)

(4.06168)

 
 
 
 

DL_PIBS(-1)

0.161098

0.678105

0.507456

 

(0.11177)

(0.25862)

(0.19146)

 

(1.44139)

(2.62200)

(2.65040)

R-squared

0.125891

-0.127114

0.133770

Adj. R-squared

0.078642

-0.188039

0.086946

Sum sq. resids

0.029147

0.156063

0.085536

S.E. equation

0.028067

0.064946

0.048081

F-statistic

2.664417

-2.086399

2.856908

Log likelihood

87.72827

54.16990

66.19648

Akaike AIC

-4.236414

-2.558495

-3.159824

Schwarz SC

-4.109748

-2.431829

-3.033158

Mean dependent

0.007638

0.037982

0.030543

S.D. dependent

0.029240

0.059585

0.050318

Determinant Residual Covariance

2.50E-09

 

Log Likelihood

225.9062

 

Akaike Information Criteria

-10.84531

 

Schwarz Criteria

-10.46531

 

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Bitcoin is a swarm of cyber hornets serving the goddess of wisdom, feeding on the fire of truth, exponentially growing ever smarter, faster, and stronger behind a wall of encrypted energy



"La première panacée d'une nation mal gouvernée est l'inflation monétaire, la seconde, c'est la guerre. Tous deux apportent une prospérité temporaire, tous deux apportent une ruine permanente. Mais tous deux sont le refuge des opportunistes politiques et économiques"   Hemingway