The sociological study on environmental conservation as a means of achieving sustainable development in rural areas in Rwanda

REPORTS

37. Banque Mondiale (2000a) Rapport sur le développement dans le monde1999-2000: le développement au seuil du XX ^ème siècle. Oxford University press.Banque Mondiale (2000b), Rapport du développement dans le monde 2000/2001: Combattre la pauvreté, Paris, France.

38. MINALOC (2001a) Community development policy, Kigali, Rwanda

39. MINECOFIN (2000) Interim poverty reduction strategy paper, Kigali, Rwanda.

40. MINECOFIN (2000) Vision 2020 for Rwanda 4^th draft, February, 2003, Kigali, Rwanda.

41. MINECOFIN (2002) General population and human settlement census, Kigali.

42. MINITERE (2003), National environment policy, Republic of Rwanda, Kigali.

43. MINITERE (2004), Environmental Bill, Republic of Rwanda

44. MINITERE, (2006), Climate change, annual report, Kigali, Rwanda.

45. ORTPN (2007), Tourism revenue sharing policy and guidelines, Annual report, Kigali Rwanda.

46. REMA (2005) Millennium ecosystem assessment

47. Rwanda, guidelines for mainstreaming environment in the economic development and poverty reduction strategy, poverty environment initiative/REMA (2007)

ELECTRONIC SOURCES

http://www.en Wikipedia.org/wiki/environmental management http://www.susdv.gov.rw

APPENDICES

National University of Rwanda B.P 117 Butare - Rwanda September, 16^th 2011

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am a student of National University of Rwanda, Faculty of Arts, Media and Social Sciences, Department of Social Sciences, in the Option of Sociology and I am doing a dissertation entitled «The Sociological study on Environmental conservation as a means of achieving sustainable development in rural areas in Rwanda.»

I kindly request you to fill in this questionnaire to help in this academic research and the responses given will be confidential.

Yours sincerely,

Vianney NSANGANIRA

II

INSTRUCTIONS (Amabwiriza)

Please put a tick mark (v) reflecting your response or opinion.

Shyira akamenyetso (v) ku gisubizo wifuza cyangwa igitekerezo cyawe. SECTION I: IDENTIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS

IGICE CYA MBERE118 0 11o521 ' 252111'8 68 Yo=$

1. Address (Aho ubarizwa)

a) Cell (Akagali): 00000000000000000000000000

b) Sector (Umurenge): ........................................................................

c) District (Akarere): ...........................................................................

d) Province (Intara): ............................................................................ 2. Sex of the respondent (ogINIQa1ct WWIV)

a)

Male (Gabo)

b) Female (Gore)

2. Education level (Amashuri yize)

a) Primary level (amashuri abanza)

b) Secondary level (Amashuri yisumbuye)

c) Vocational training (Amashuri y'imyuga)

d) Bachelor?s degree (Impamyabushobozi ya Kaminuza)

e) Master?s degree (Impamyabushobozi ihanitse)

f) PhD (Impamyabushobozi y'ikirenga)

III

4. Age (Imyaka)

a)

20-25

b) 26-30

c) 31-35

d) Beyond R-Iju(u \'1P \11\a 36)

IV

II. INTERVIEW GUIDE ADDRESSED TO THE LOCAL LEADERS OF KITABI 6( &7 2 5 G(IEiErzaGE rT1-)1-Z1-GrEr aEaiiGE'X13 XI1-)T1-GZrGKitrEi)

1. Describe the role played by the local leaders in environmental conservation for achieving sustainable development in rural areas.(Wambwira uruhare rw'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze mu kurengera ibidukikije kugira ngo habeho iterambere rirambye mu cyaro?)

2. Do you think environmental conservation can lead to the sustainable development in rural areas?(Utekereza ko kurengera ibidukikije byatuma habaho iterambere rirambye ry'icyaro?)

a) Yes (Yego)

b) No (Oya)

c) If Yes, how? (Niba ari yego, gute?)

3. Do you think it?s necessary to involve local population in environmental conservation?(Utekereza ko ari ngombwa kwifashisha abaturage mu kurengera ibidukikije?)

a) Yes (Yego)

b) No (Oya)

If yes , how? (Niba ari yego, gute?)

4. Discuss which ways environmental conservation in Rwanda could best be implemented. (vuga uburyo kurengera ibidukikije mu Rwanda byashyirwa neza mu bikorwa)

a) Protection of flora and fauna (NXI1-)T1-rrGiEi13 1-1rG)'iEi),rEXzi13 r) b ) Environmental education ( ubumenyi ku bidukikije)

c) Forestation (Gutera Amashyamba)

d) Protection of flora and fauna (kurengera ibinyabuzima nibimera)

e) The use of Improved cooking stoves (gukoresha amashyiga ya ronderereza)

III. QUESTIONNAIRE ADDRESSED TO THE LOCAL POPULATION OF KITABI SECTOR ( IBIBAZO BIGENEWE ABATURAGE B'UMURENGE WA KITABI)

1. How do you understand the environmental conservation and sustainable development in your areas ? Discuss its indicators (Wumva gute kubijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije n'iterambere rirambye aho utuye ? vuga ibibiranga)

A.Environmental conservation indicators (Ibiranga kurengera ibidukikije)

i)

Radical terraces (Amaterase y'indinganire)

ii) Disasters management (kubungabunga ibiza)

iii)

Sensitization of local population about environmental conservation ( gukangurira abaturage ibijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije)

iv)

Establishment of friend of Nyungwe cooperative (gushyiraho koperative y'ishuti za Nyungwe)

v) Others (ibindi)

B. Indicators of sustainable development ( ibigaragaza iterambere rirambye)

i)

Air pollution decrease (kugabanuka kw' imyuka ihumanya)

ii) Economic growth ( kwiyongera k'ubukungu)

iii)

Domestic waste management( gucunga neza ibyanda yo mu rurgo)

iv)

Education improvement (kuzamuka k' uburezi)

v) Others (ibindi).................................................................................

VI

2. What are the impacts of environmental conservation on sustainable development? ( N'izihe ngaruka zo kurengera ibidukikije kw'iterambere rirambye)

a)

Creation of NNP (gushyiraho parike nasiyonale ya Nyungwe)

b)

Decrease of natural domages activities (kugabanuka ko kwangiza ibikorwa karemano)

c)

Increase of living standards DANIPuAa AwI/PIE1r1KR)

d) Good shelter (Aho kuba heza)

e) Others(Ibindi).......................................................................................... « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « «

3. Is there any activities developed through the presence of NNP (Ese hari ibikorwa byaba byarateye imbere kubera parike ya Nyungwe) ?

a)

Yes (yego)

b) No (oya)

c)

If yes what are they (Niba ari yego n'ibihe)?

i) Handcraft (ububoshyi)

ii) Muchroom crops (igihingwa k'ibihumyo)

iii)

Decrease of hunting activities (kugabanuka kw'ibikorwa by' ubuhigi)

iv) Construction of lodges (kubakwa kw'amacumbi)

4. Could you think the environmental conservation maintain the sustainability of rural areas development? (Utekereza ko kurengera ibidukikije byakomeza iterambere ry'ibyaro?)

a)

Yes (yego)

b) No (oya)

c) If yes how (Niba ari yego gute)?

5. Have you ever been taught anything about the importance of environmental conservation? (Waba warigeze kwigishwa ku byerekeye akamaro ko kurengera ibidukikije?)

a)

Yes (Yego)

b) No (Oya)

c)

If yes, who taught you? (niba ari yego ni nde wabikwigishije?)

i) Local leaders (Abayobozi b'ibanze)

ii) Environmental organizations (Amashyirahamwe arengera ibidukikije)

iii)

From Radio (kuri radiyo)

iv) New papers (Ibinyamakuru)

v)

The employees of Nyungwe National Park (Abakozi ba Parike nasiyonali ya Nyungwe)

6. Do you experience any environment related problems in your area? (Hari ibibazo uzi bishingiye kutarengera no kutarengera ibidukikije mugace utuyemo?)

a) Yes (yego) b) No (Oya)

c) If yes, what are they?(Niba ari yego ni ibihe?)

i) Soil erosion (isuri y'ubutaka )

ii) Deforestation (gutema amashyamba)

iii) Fire wood issues (ikibazo by'inkwi zo gucana) iv ) Hunting activities (imirimo yo guhiga)

7. Do the local leaders in your area involve and allow you to participate in environmental activities? (Ese abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze babemerera kugira uruhare mu bikorwa byo kurengera ibidukikije?)

a)

Yes (Yego)

b) No (Oya)

c) If yes, how do you participate in environmental activities?( Niba ari yego ni uruhe ruhare mugira mu bikorwa byo kurengera ibidukikije?)

i .Implementation of governmental policy regarding environmental law(gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda za leta zigendanye n'ibidukikije)

ii .Protection against soil erosion(kurwanya isuri y'ubutaka)

iii .Stopping and preventing the fire to the park( guhagarika gutwika muri parike)

iv.

Domestic waste management (gutunganya imyanda yo murugo)

v.

Participation in decision making concerning environmental conservation (kugira uruhare munyanzuro igamije kurengera ibidukikije)

8. Is there a linkage between environmental conservation and sustainable development of rural areas?(Ese ubona hari ihuriro hagati yo kurengera ibidukikije n'iterambere rirambye ry'ibyaro?)

a)

Yes (Yego)

b) No (Oya)

c) If yes, explain (Niba ari yego sobanura)

IX

9. Ever since you stayed here around the Nyungwe National Park, has your economic development changed positively? (Kuva mwatura hano hafi na Pariki hari ubwo ubukungu bwanyu bwiyongera bugatera imbere kubera yo?)

a)

improvement of local economy (Kuzamuka mu bukungu mu gace k'iwanyu)

b) increase of family income (Kwiyongera k'ubukungu bw'umuryango)

c) Improvement of health conditions (Kwiyongera mu buzima)

d) The good climate due to permanent rainfall resulted from the Nyungwe National Park Forest our land is protected from erosion(Bituma habaho ibihe byiza n'imvura ihoraho dukesha Pariki ndetse n'ubutaka bwacu bukarindwa isuri)

e)

Others (Abandi)

10. Have you heard about environmental policy in Rwandan rural areas? (Waba warumvise ibijyanye na politike yo kurengera ibidukikije mu byaro byo mu Rwanda?)

a.

Yes (Yego)

b. No (Oya)

c. If yes, how important do you think environmental policy in Rwandan rural areas? (Niba ari yego ubona ari akahe kamaro ka politike yo kurengera ibidukikije mu byaro byo mu Rwanda?)

i. Economic stability to enhance development ( ubukungu buhamye bwongereaiterambera)

ii .We obtain fire wood from it( bitanga inkwi zo gucana)

iii .It provides clean water for home use( itanga amazi meza yo gukoresha mungo)

iv .It provides trees for construction( itanga inkwi zo gucana)

v.We obtain traditional medicine from environmental conservation( tubona imiti ya gakondo ivuye mu kurengera ibidukikije)

vi. The obtention of air and rain from environment (itanga imvura n'amahumbezi)

11. According to you, for whom does the Nyungwe National Park bring the benefit? (Kuri wowe, ni nde parike ya Nyungwe ifitiye inyungu?)

a.

The country (Igihugu)

b. The tourists (Ba mukerarugendo)

c.

The population arround the NNP (Abaturiye Nyungwe)

d. The NNP employees (Abakozi ba Parike ya Nyungwe) e.Others ( Abandi)

12. Suggest recommendations for better environmental conservation as a way of achieving sustainable development in rural areas.(Sobanura ingamba zafatwa mu kurengera ibidukikije nk'uburyo bwo kugera ku iterambere rirambye mu byaro?)

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Thank you /MUrakoze.