1.2. SITUATION OF PALUDISM IN RDC
Research on paludism in RDC, began at the beginning of the
XXème century. Initially directed towards the protection of
expatriés, they extended quickly to all the layers from the
population.One counts more than 300 devoted publications on this subject.
1.2.1. Species plasmodiales
Three species plasmodiales are met in RDC, namely: Plasmodium
Falciparum, person in charge for the serious forms of the paludism and which
remains the most frequent species (95%), Plasmodium Ovale and Plasmodium
Malariæ. These two last species can be separately or in mixed infections
with Plasmodium Falciparum.
1.2.2. Principal vectors
The vectors most met are Anophèles gambiae (92%),
Anophèles funestus (principal vector for the area of the high plateaus
of the East), Anophèles nili, Anophèles moucheti,
Anophèles brunnipes, and Anophèles paludis.
1.2.3.Dynamics of transmission
At least 97% of the population lives in the zones with stable
paludism characterized by the equatorial and tropical facies. The central Basin
has a permanent transmission.It is an endemic zone of hyper (50 to 75% of the
infected people) and of holoendemy (more than 75% of the infected people).The
3% remainder live in the mountainous areas of the East of the RDC where
paludism is unstable with probability of persistence of the epidemic.
The transmission is sporadic and seasonal on the high
plateaus of the East (Katanga), the provinces of the South, Kivu North, and in
Ituri (Eastern Province).The rate of average inoculation varies ente 2,8 and
620,5 punctures per anybody per annum in Kinshasa and the index
sporozoïtic goes up to 7,2% in urban environment.The transmission of
paludism is less low in urban, but higher zone in peripheral zone.
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