ABSTRACT
The concept of sustainable agriculture in the urban context
refers to the conditions for the sustainability in situ of the
agricultural occupation of the space and the contribution of the agriculture to
the sustainable development of the city. Tackling this question of the
sustainability of the urban agriculture in the city of Kigali, the present
research analyzed the tools used to remove a number of constraints relating to
the future of this urban agriculture in Kigali.
The results show that the agriculture has its place in this
city where the terrain is mountainous West to East. However, the question about
the definition of the production function against the identity function of the
agriculture remains. The big spaces agriculture was localized in zones with
strong stakes (high sloping zones, wetland zones). There is a diversity of
views between stakeholders in the agriculture, environment and town planning on
the agenda of the urban and periurban agriculture. The question that arises is
how to handle spaces and agricultural activities over the city, the production
function of agriculture and sustainable development requirements: should these
three aspects be compartmentalized or reconciled?
The perspective of a sustainable development would be to
calculate the value of non-market agriculture and to consider what form it
could ensure in payment for the services rendered to the society. The social
utility thus created would justify the investment required for its maintenance
or development. However, such reasoning can not be applied to environmental
goods. This research concluded that with the combined effect of urbanization
and its environmental impacts, there will be probably a relocation of wetlands
agriculture by actors from environment while the dry agriculture will be
adapted to its context (reforestation and grazing). The internal durability of
this agriculture is then compromised by environmental and territorial
factors.
From then on, these results show that, beyond the master
plan project, which is not legally constraining by itself, the future
dynamics of the agricultural farmland and agricultural activities in the city
of Kigali depend on policy choices to be made by the city officials and the
actors. A dialogue between elected officials, stakeholders and users,
accompanied by an organized agricultural production should be fostered.
Keywords: sustainable development, sustainable
urban agriculture, actors' interplays
iii
TABLE DES MATIERES
RESUME ii
ABSTRACT iii
TABLE DES MATIERES iv
LISTE DES TABLEAUX vii
LISTE DES FIGURES vii
LISTE DES CARTES vii
LISTE DES PHOTOS vii
LISTE DES SIGLES ET
ABREVIATIONS viii
REMERCIEMENTS ix
INTRODUCTION 1
Ière partie : CADRE CONCEPTUEL ET METHODOLOGIQUE
DE LA
RECHERCHE 4
I. LA PROBLEMATIQUE 4
II. OBJECTIFS DE LA RECHERCHE
6
III. HYPOTHESES 6
IV. CADRE METHODOLOGIQUE DE LA RECHERCHE
6
IV.1. L'entretien semi-directif
6
IV.2.Analyse des jeux d'acteurs
7
IV.2.1. La matrice intérêt-pouvoir, adaptée
de Mendelow 8
IV.3. L'analyse de contenu 9
V. CADRE THEORIQUE ET CONCEPTUEL DE LA RECHERCHE
11
V.1. De la durabilité de l'agriculture
urbaine 11
V.2. De l'émergence de la question d'agriculture
urbaine durable 13
V.3. La construction de la place de l'agriculture dans le
territoire urbain 18
V.3.1. L'organisation du territoire 18
V.3.2. L'identité territoriale 19
V.3.3. L'environnement 19
V.3.4. L'économie agricole 19
V.3.5. La capacité des acteurs 19
iv
V.4. PRISE EN COMPTE DE L'AGRICULTURE
ET SES ESPACES 20
V.4.1. Les espaces agricoles dans le territoire urbain 20
V.4.1.1. Des surfaces agricoles à enjeux prioritaires
20
V.4.1.2. Des surfaces agricoles à enjeux forts 20
V.4.1.3.Des surfaces agricoles à enjeu faible ou nul 20
V.4.2. Les questions agricoles dans les schémas
d'aménagement 20
V.5. PROTECTION DES ESPACES AGRICOLES
22
V.5.1. Pourquoi protéger les espaces agricoles ? 22
V.5.2. Les outils de protection des espaces agricoles 24
V.5.2.1. Les directives de développement 24
V.5.2.2. Le zonage 25
V.5.2.3. L'acquisition de propriété 26
V.5.2.4. Les techniques d'incitation 28
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