Financing problems of photovoltaic panels in cameroon

2.4 Regulatory and institutional aspects

The first point to underline is the fact that no structure is put in place to regulate the solar energy, nonetheless an institutional oriented state policy and budgetary especially on the area of renewable energy such as wind turbine, thermal, hydrological, and solar is not developed. However, the nomenclature of the member states of the community thus results mainly in the classification by purpose, function and classification of expenses by nature, divided into titles.

For this purpose the sun would be in the class below⁷:

Product code	Label product
7146	Taxes on good and services

6 Anne Labouret `'INSTALLATIONS PHOTOVOLTAIQUES».P13.

7 www.droit-afrique.com `' DIRECTIVES PORTANT NOMANCLATURES BUDGETAIRES» P.11

8 J-Lapôtre & P.P Louviez `'ENERGIES RENOUVELABLES : LE PHOTOVOLTAIQUE ET L'EOLIEN `'P.26.

9 A.LABOURET, P.CUMUNEL, J-P BRAUN, B.FARAGGI »^`'LES BASES DE L'ENERGIE

Categories are included in this tax extraction of minerals, fossil fuels and other nonrenewable resources deposits belonging to private or other public administrations and other taxes on goods and services.

In Cameroon, solar energy will be accessible to many families wishing to fight against power cuts. However, the cost remains high.

In rural or undeveloped areas electricity remains a luxury; the development of solar energy is a crucial means to improve the living conditions of the inhabitants. However, the rate of sunshine in Cameroon is favourable because it rises approximately to 4kwh/j/m2.

For this purpose, it is possible to return on investment in less than 10 years on solar photovoltaic.

2.5 Environmental aspects

Environmental factors take into account the duration of daily sunlight and annual local temperature. However, Cameroon enjoys a large sunshine rate enough to allow the installation of photovoltaic panels. For this purpose on a scale of 1 to 6, the rate of sunshine in Cameroon is at level 5.

In addition, the photovoltaic panel produces no waste like most renewable or conventional energies. It is therefore beneficial for a period of around thirty years. Then recycling is possible at the end of life after restoration silicon cells, which will allow to create other new panels. The ecological advantages it presents are as follows, after manufacture the products does not relieve pollution, it is silent and does not affect the environmental weather, in terms of installation it does not require an enormous space⁸. Furthermore, it is important to note that this is an important energy for my country because our ecosystem depends on human activity. However, the current global warming is due to the release into the atmosphere of greenhouse gas emissions⁹, the use of photovoltaic panels in Cameroon will avoid in the near future

negative consequences on our environment.

In accordance with our environment, a solar installation for a household in Cameroon possessing a television needs a list of specific materials as listed below¹⁰:

> 2 solar modules of 50w-12Vcc

> 2 batteries of 100 Ah-12Vcc

> 1 regulator of 12Vcc-12A

> 1 converter DC/AC-100W-12Vcc/220Ac

> 4 energy saving bulbs 9W-12Vcc

> Accessories: 100m of Cables, 4 switches, support structures, junction box,

mounting hardware

Figure.4: shows the solar system in a household with a television. However, this facility represents a cost that we will study in economics and commercial aspects.