IV. DISCUSSION:
The general hypothesis that we posed was that the style of
images used, natural or standardized, could influence the recognition and
treatment of faces. According to some studies, it seemed sensible that the
participants recognize, whether with natural or standardized images, their
faces and those of their friend more quickly and with an average rate of good
answers better than when confronted with faces of unknowns in normal condition
and inverted. But also that the participants recognize better and faster the
images of the unknowns through the standardized photos that they are placed in
the place or the reverse.
The results show that the faces of the standardized unknowns
are better and more quickly recognized than the faces of natural unknowns
placed at the place and in reverse in match condition. Our hypothesis as to the
facts that one recognizes his face better and that of the friend compared to
the faces of the unknowns that it is through normalized images or natural, in
normal condition and inverted, is partly confirmed. That is, the advantage of
one's own face and that of friends from unfamiliar faces is found only in the
normal condition and matched for reaction times and accuracy for natural images
and for accuracy of normalized unchored and normalized images. The advantage of
his own face and that of the friend is also found in reverse condition match
for natural images and standardized through reaction times as well as only when
accuracy of natural images. The reversal of the uncorrected photos shows a
certain advantage for his own face and that of the friends compared to the
faces of the unknowns only for the accuracy of the ambient images.
Through these results, we can not affirm, on the contrary, the
recognition of his own face as being special, contrary to a degree of
familiarity in the recognition of faces between familiar and less familiar
faces since the results show that one recognizes better and more quickly his
own face and that of the friends compared to the faces of the unknown in most
of the conditions. This preparation makes the faces of unknowns can begin to be
learned and stored in the face recognition units (FRU) (Etchells, Brooks,
Johnston, 2017). Explanations can be taken into account without mentioning the
degree of familiarity: it is possible that unknown faces do not require the
same cognitive functions or at any other continuum than the other two types of
faces. For example, for face-matching tasks involving unknowns, a study shows
that attention may
possibly affect the identification performance, which is
better for experts who produce less errors than novices (White, Phillips, Hahn,
Hill, O'Toole, 2015).
The inversion effect is not significant except for the
reaction time for the unchallenged standardized images where the participants
recognize significantly more quickly the face of the unknowns in the place than
in the reverse and level of accuracy for the natural images match where one
recognizes significantly more the faces of strangers in the place than in the
reverse. This type of result is not isolated in the scientific literature
across different population types (Laval-lée et al., 2016; Feusner et
al., 2010). The criticism we could make is that we have not sought to target a
specific type of specific process as in some study aimed at understanding the
inversion effect, but this was not the purpose of 'study.
Some of the weaknesses of this study deserve to be addressed
and considered in the future. The small sample first does not allow the
generalization of the data and some groups of participants were made up of a
man and a woman, which leads to a gender bias that could have been avoided but
which remains commonplace in the everyday life. Moreover, as Jenkins and Burton
(2011) point out, a photograph is not necessarily a reliable indicator of
facial appearance. In this sense, images selected by unknown persons would be
indicators more representative of the facial appearance of a particular person
than if it were the same person who would select the images concerning. The
representations of the self therefore interfere with our ability to judge which
images faithfully represent our appearance.
Offering new perspectives on the representations that those
proposed by the technique averaging, this study, through the natural images
that it is for the faces of the participants; Friends or unknowns respects the
principle of the interpersonal variability of the face and the environment
(Burton et al., 2011) even if it is restricted by the fact that the images were
dated less than one-year old. The orientation of the images has been mixed,
which undoubtedly allows the cancellation of any learning (Hussain, Sekuler,
Bennett, 2009). Other results could have been obtained if the standardized
images had been produced with static expressions as in many laboratory studies.
Here, participants and unknowns articulate letters for standardized images,
which respects the recognition of faces in everyday life, but perhaps it is not
equivalent to the facial expressions that one could find in our natural images.
This may have influenced the results by knowing that the facial expressions are
insensitive to the inversion effect (Psalta & Andrews, 2014).
Second, we thought that sleep quality could influence face
recognition and treatment, but more precisely that poor sleep quality would
have deleterious effects on participants' performance in terms of average
reaction time but also at the level of sleep of the correct average response
rates. In reality, the inverted natural images of his own face and that of the
friend, the untested ones obtained a significantly faster mean reaction time
when the participants had a poor quality of sleep than those with a good
one.
A lack of precision in the questionnaires, which is intended
to be global, can also be mentioned and lead to discussion of the results
(Ramsawh, Stein, Belik, Jacobi, Sareen, 2009), with particular attention given
to the subjective notion of scores on sleep quality significantly influenced by
Depression and anxiety (Matousek, Cervena, Zavesicka, Brunovsky, 2004). Taking
into account that poor sleep quality disrupts memory performance (Nakagawa et
al., 2016), representations of one's own face or Even that of friends should be
affected by the poor quality of sleep and this negatively while our results do
not go in this direction. A closer and more precise study could be beneficial:
see if the degree of familiarity of the faces is really due to multiple and
varied memory representations compared to the faces of unknowns.
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