II. METHOD:
1. Participants:
30 French participants were recruited on the campus of the
Paul Valéry University in Montpellier to participate in the experiment.
Wishing to carry out a search on a normal population, all persons with a
psychiatric diagnosis were not excluded, a contrario visually impaired persons
who had no correctors of any kind. The participants, whose data was kept
between 18 and 31 years of age, had to be French right-handed and had to
present themselves for the experiment accompanied by a friend who, also
fulfilled these criteria, aware that they would not be rewarded. These men (4)
and women (18) agreed to participate in the experiment as a result of free and
informed consent.
2. Materials:
The forced pairing tasks, each consisting of 168
tests, designed on the E-prime software by Catherine Bortolon, were performed
by participants using a 13.3-inch computer and split into two types: Natural
tasks and standardized tasks. Two different tasks were provided for both task
types. These experimental tasks consisted of images taken by the participant (4
images),
by his friend (4 images), by the experimenter (4 images for
the participant and 4 images for the experimental partner articulating the
sounds a, e and i) and images of unknowns (natural, standardized images). The
images of the standardized unknowns were taken in boxes, at the University of
Paul Valéry beforehand by the majority of the group. The test images of
the training phase were mainly celebrities. All the images used were resized
(260X350), appeared with an interval of 1000 milliseconds and were set black
and white. Modified with the photoshop software, they represent the following
stimulus styles: natural images (for the participant, for his experience
partner, for the two unknowns), natural inverted images (for the participant,
for his experienced partner, the standardized images (for the participant, for
his partner of experience, for both unknowns) and the standardized inverted
images (for the participant, for his partner of experience, for the two
unknowns).
The sleep quality index of Pittsburgh (PSQI) (Buysse,
Reynolds, Monk, Berman, Kupfer, 1989) is represented by an overall score (from
0 to 21) grouping 7 components receiving a score ranging from 0 to 3: the
subjective quality of sleep; the latency of sleep; the duration of sleep; the
usual efficacy of sleep; sleep disorders; the use of a sleep medication; bad
shape during the day. It includes 19 self-assessment questions and 5 questions
asked to the spouse or roommate if he has one. These 5 questions are not
covered in this study. A score of 0 to one component indicates that there are
no difficulties, while a score of up to 3 indicates severe difficulties.
Compared to the overall score, a score of 0 indicates that there are no
difficulties while a score
of up to 21 shows that there are major difficulties.
The manual laterality test (Oldfield, 1971) clarifies
the participants' preferences about the use of their hands in certain
activities. The proposed activities are 12 in number, each with the right-hand
column and the left-hand column: writing, drawing, throwing a ball, holding
scissors, using a toothbrush, using a knife, a spoon, A broom, rubbing a match,
opening a pot (hand holding the lid), which foot is used when you are typing in
a balloon, which eye you use when you need to use only one. Subjects must
therefore indicate which hand they prefer to do certain activities: if they put
a "+" in each column, it indicates that the activity is shared by both hands,
if they put a "+" in one of the columns this indicates that this hand is used
preferentially for this activity and if it puts two "+" in a column it
indicates that the manual preference is exclusive for this activity. A manual
lateral coefficient is then calculated: ((total D - total G) / (total D + total
G)) X 100. A cut-off is provided: if the participant has a coefficient of -100
it will be categorized as left-handed Absolute, -50 will indicate that it is a
preferential left-hander, 0 an
ambidextrous, +50 a preferential right-hander, +100 an
absolute right-hander. 3. Procedure:
Initially, participants recruited according to certain
criteria (right-handers, French nationality, aged 18 to 31) and motivated, had
to come with a friend (right-handers, French nationality, between 18 and 31
years of age) had to provide a number of photographs before the day of the
award. The standardized images for the participants were taken at Paul
Valéry's library, in a box just before the start of the pass. For some
participants, the natural photos were taken just before the start of the
assignment as well and were therefore modified by the experimenter as the
participants began to fill out the questionnaires. The counterbalancing of
tasks and questionnaires was therefore not always respected: the participants
had already completed the questionnaires before the experimenter had time to
complete the modification of the photographs. All participants, who were
already aware of the terms of the study, consulted the informative document and
signed free and informed consent. For the participants who had sent me their
photos the day before and had their complete file, a first counterbalancing
took place: one participant performed both experimental tasks with both hands
while his friend filled out the questionnaires in the Same box and in the
presence of the experimenter so that he can answer the questions. The opposite
was observed approximately 35 minutes afterwards. The participant had to press
one of the two keys ("c" or "n") according to the pictures he saw on the
screen. Depending on the name of the task (1 or 2), the keys were reversed to
allow counterbalancing. For example, the "c" key could mean "similar face"
while the "n" meant "different face". The images, which appeared for 1000
milliseconds, represented photographs of people (the participant, the friend or
strangers) and were separated by a fixing cross. The participant was instructed
to answer as correctly and as quickly as possible by pressing one of the two
keys if he found that the face of a person presented (him, his friend or
strangers) image corresponded to the face of the person seen on the first
image.
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